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\documentclass{howto}
\title{GNU Mailman - ���ȡ���ޥ˥奢��}
\author{Barry Warsaw}
\authoraddress{\email{barry(at)python.org}}
\date{\today}
\release{2.1} % software release, not documentation
\setreleaseinfo{} % empty for final release
\setshortversion{2.1} % major.minor only for software
\begin{document}
\maketitle
% This makes the Abstract go on a separate page in the HTML version;
% if a copyright notice is used, it should go immediately after this.
%
\ifhtml
\chapter*{��\label{front}}
\fi
\begin{abstract}
\noindent
����ʸ��� GNU Mailman �� POSIX �����ƥ� (��: \UNIX{}, MacOSX, GNU/Linux)
�˥��ȡ��뤹����ˡ�����������ΤǤ�. ����Ū�ʥ��ȡ�����
�����Ǥʤ�, ���ʤ������Ѥ��륦���֤ȥ�륵���Ф����礹�뤿���
�����ɥ饤���ޤ�Ǥ��ޤ�\footnote{
�����������������������ԤδĶ��ˤ����Ƴ�ǧ�Ǥ�����ʬ�˸¤��Ƥ��ޤ�.
}.
\noindent
GNU Mailman �Υ����֥����Ȥ� \url{http://www.list.org} �Ǥ�.
\end{abstract}
% The ugly "%begin{latexonly}" pseudo-environment supresses the table
% of contents for HTML generation.
%
%begin{latexonly}
\tableofcontents
%end{latexonly}
\section{���ȡ����ɬ����}
GNU Mailman �� \UNIX{} �� MacOSX, GNU/Linux �Ȥ��ä� POSIX �˴𤯥����ƥ�
�ΤۤȤ�ɤDz�ư���ޤ�. ���ߤΤȤ��� Windows �Ǥ�ư���ޤ���. ���ʤ���
���������Ǥ����륵���Ф�ɬ�פȤ�, CGI/1.1 API ��������������
�����Ф�ɬ�פǤ�. �����֥����Фˤ�
\ulink{Apache}{http://httpd.apache.org} ��, �Ԥä���Ǥ�. ��륵���Фˤ�
�㤨��,
\ulink{Postfix}{http://www.postfix.org},
\ulink{Exim}{http://www.exim.org},
\ulink{Sendmail}{http://www.sendmail.org},
\ulink{qmail}{http://cr.yp.to/qmail.html}
�ʤɤϤɤ��Ȥ��ޤ�.
Mailman �������饤�ȡ��뤹��ˤ�, �������ƥ�����Τ����
�Ѥ����Ƥ��� ��å�\footnote{����: wrapper ... ������å�(����̾)��Ʊ��
�����פȤ�����̣�ʤΤ�, ���������Ƥߤޤ���}
�ץ��������ۤ���Ȥ���, ANSI C ����ѥ��顼��
ɬ�פǤ�. \ulink{GNU C ����ѥ��� gcc}{http://gcc.gnu.org} �� 2.8.1 �ʹߤ�
�С������Ǥ��ޤ������ޤ�.
�����ƥ�ˤ� \ulink{Python}{http://www.python.org} ���ץ��
�ɤ����˥��ȡ��뤵��Ƥ��ʤ���Фʤ�ޤ���.
Mailman 2.1 �ˤ� Python 2.1 �ޤ��Ϥ�����⿷������Τ�ɬ�פǤ�.
Python 2.3 �ʾ��侩���ޤ�.
\section{�����ƥॻ�åȥ��å�}
Mailman ���եȥ������Υ��ȡ�������ˡ�����Υ桼���ȥ��롼�פ�
�ɲ���Ͽ���뤳�Ȥǥ����ƥ�ν�����ɬ�פ�����ޤ�.
���Τ���, ������Υ��ƥåפ�¹Ԥ���ˤ� root �ˤʤ�ɬ�פ�����ޤ�.
\subsection{���롼�פȥ桼�����ɲ�}
Mailman ��, �ե�������ͭ��, �ץ����������餻�뤿���, ¾�ǻ��Ѥ���Ƥ��ʤ�
�桼���ȥ��롼�פ�̾����ɬ�פȤ��ޤ�. Mailman �δ���Ū�ʥ������ƥ���
���롼��ͭ���ε���(�ѡ��ߥå����)�˴𤤤Ƥ��ޤ�. ���ä�, ���Υ��ƥåפ�
������Ȥ��Ƥ������Ȥ����פǤ�\footnote{���ȡ��뤬��λ���Ƥ���
�ѡ��ߥå���������å����ƽ������뤳�Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ�.}. ŵ��Ū�ˤ�,
\code{mailman} �Ȥ���̾���Υ桼���ȥ��롼�פ�������뤳�Ȥˤʤ�ޤ�.
\code{mailman} �桼���� \code{mailman} ���롼�פΥ��С��Ǥʤ����
�ʤ�ޤ���. Mailman �� \code{mailman} �桼���ȥ��롼�פβ���,
set-group-id (setgid) �ӥåȤ�Ω�Ƥƥ��ȡ��뤵��ޤ�.
�⤷, ����̾�������˻Ȥ��Ƥ����ʤ�, �̤Υ桼���ȥ��롼��̾�����֤��Ȥ�
�Ǥ��ޤ���, \program{configure} �����餻��Ȥ��˳Ф��Ƥ����ʤ��Ȥ����ޤ���.
�⤷, �̤Υ桼��̾��������ʤ�, ����� \program{configure} ��
\longprogramopt{with-username} ���ץ����ǻ��ꤷ�ޤ�. �ޤ�, �̤�
���롼��̾����������ˤ�, \program{configure} ��
\longprogramopt{with-username} ���ץ����ǻ��ꤷ�Ƥ�������.
Linux �����ƥ�Ǥ�, ���Υ��ޥ�ɤǤ����Υ�������Ȥ�������뤳�Ȥ�
�Ǥ��ޤ�. �����ѤΥ����ƥ�Υޥ˥奢��Ǿܺ٤��ǧ���Ƥ�������:
\begin{verbatim}
% groupadd mailman
% useradd -c''GNU Mailman'' -s /no/shell -d /no/home -g mailman mailman
\end{verbatim}
\subsection{���ȡ���ǥ��쥯�ȥ�κ���\label{create-install-dir}}
�̾�, Mailman ��ñ��Υǥ��쥯�ȥ�˥��ȡ��뤵��, �����ˤ�
Mailman �����������ɤ�, �¹Ի��Υǡ���(�ꥹ�Ȥ���¸���)��ξ��������ޤ�.
��Ū�ʥץ������ե�������Ѳ�����ǡ����ե������ʬΥ����, �̤Υǥ��쥯�ȥ�
������뤳�Ȥ��ǽ�Ǥ�. �����ǤϤ��Τ��Ȥ˴ؤ��륪�ץ������������ޤ�.
Mailman �Υǥե���ȤΥ��ȡ���ǥ��쥯�ȥ��
\file{/usr/local/mailman}\footnote{����� Mailman 2.1 �Υǥե���ȤǤ�.
�����ΥС������Ǥ�, /home/mailman �����ƥ��ȡ��뤷�Ƥ��ޤ���.}
���Υ��ȡ���ǥ��쥯�ȥ�(\var{\$prefix} �ǻ��Ȥ��ޤ�) ���ѹ�����ˤ�
configure �� \longprogramopt{prefix} ���ץ�����Ȥ��ޤ�.
�����ΥС�����鹹������ˤ�, ���ȡ���ǥ��쥯�ȥ���ѹ���
��Τ�̵���¤�, \longprogramopt{prefix} �����ꤹ��ɬ�פ�����ޤ�.
\begin{notice}[�ٹ�]
Mailman �� \code{nosuid} ���ץ����ǥޥ���Ȥ��줿�ե����륷���ƥ��
���ȡ��뤹�뤳�ȤϤǤ��ޤ���. ���줬����� Mailman �Υ��ȡ����
���Ԥ��ޤ�. �Ȥ����Τ�, �������ƥ������ͳ�� setgid �ץ����������Ѥ�
����Ȥ��Ƥ��뤫��Ǥ�. �⤷, ���줬���ƤϤޤ�褦�Ǥ�����, ñ���,
setgid �ץ�����������Ƥ������ Maiman �ȡ��뤷�Ƥ�������.
\end{notice}
���ȡ���Υǥ��쥯�ȥ꤬ \code{mailman} ���롼�פ����ꤵ���
���뤳�Ȥ��ǧ���Ƥ������� (���뤤�� \longprogramopt{with-groupname} �ǻ���
���褦�Ȥ��Ƥ��륰�롼��). ������, setgid �ӥåȤ����åȤ���
�Ƥ��뤳�Ȥ��ǧ���Ƥ�������\footnote{�⤷, BSD �����ƥ��Ȥ��ʤ�
\ref{bsd-issues} ���ɤ�Ǥ�������} �ޤ�, ���Υǥ��쥯�ȥ꤬���Ƥ�
�桼�����ɤ��ȼ¹�(��ư)��ǽ�Ǥ��뤳�Ȥ��ݾڤ������Ȼפ�
�Ǥ��礦. �ʲ��Υ����륳�ޥ�ɤǤ����Τ��Ȥ�����Ǥ��ޤ�:
\begin{verbatim}
% cd $prefix
% chgrp mailman .
% chmod a+rx,g+ws .
\end{verbatim}
�����, Mailman ���եȥ������� configure �����ȡ��뤹��
�������Ǥ��ޤ���.
\section{Mailman �ι��ۤȥ��ȡ���\label{building}}
\subsection{\program{configure} ��¹�}
Mailman �ȡ��뤹������ \program{configure} ��¹Ԥ���, �����ƥ�
��ɬ�פˤʤ뤤�������ʥ��ȡ��륪�ץ��������ꤷ�ʤ���Фʤ�ޤ���.
\begin{notice}[����]
���ˤ��롤\longprogramopt{with-mail-gid} �� \longprogramopt{with-cgi-gid}
�Υ��ץ������ä�����. ¿ʬ���줬ɬ�פˤʤ�ޤ�.
\end{notice}
������˽Ƥ������¹Ԥ���֤�, ���ʤ��� root ��
�ʤ�٤��ǤϤ��� \strong{�ޤ���}. ��ʬ���ȤΥ�������̾��, ¾�Υ��եȤ�
���ȡ��뤹��Ȥ��˻Ȥ���������Ȥ�ȤäƤ�������. �ޤ�,
\code{mailman} �桼���ˤʤ�ɬ�פϤ���ޤ���, �������Ƥ���ޤ���.
â��, ���μ��Ǻ������� \var{\$prefix} �ǥ��쥯�ȥ�ν��ߵ��Ĥ�
���뤿��ˤ�, ���Υ�������Ȥ� \code{mailman} ���롼�פ˽�°���Ƥ���
ɬ�פ�����ޤ�.
�������åȤΥ��ȡ���ǥ��쥯�ȥ�˽��߸��¤����뤳�Ȥ�,
������ setgid �ե����������Ǥ��뤳�Ȥ��ǧ���Ƥ�������.
(NFS ��¾�Υޥ���������� setgid ��ػߤ��Ƥ����礬����ޤ�)
�⤷, ¾�� GNU ���եȤȡ��뤷�����Ȥ�����ʤ�, \program{configure}
������ץȤˤϤ��ʤ��ߤǤ��礦. Mailman �� tarball ����
�ǥ��쥯�ȥ�� \program{cd} ����, \program{configure} ��������դ����˼¹Ԥ���
��������:
\begin{verbatim}
% cd mailman-<version>
% ./configure
% make install
\end{verbatim}
�ʲ��Υ��ץ����� Mailman �Υ��ȡ�������ޥ����Ǥ��ޤ�.
\begin{description}
\item[\longprogramopt{prefix}=\var{dir}]
ɸ��Ū�� GNU configure �Υ��ץ����� Mailman ������
�ȡ��뤵��뤳�Ȥˤʤ�١����Υǥ��쥯�ȥ���ѹ����ޤ���
�ǥե���ȤǤ� \var{\$prefix} �� \file{/usr/local/mailman} �Ǥ�������
�ǥ��쥯�ȥ�Ϥ��λ�����¸�ߤ��Ƥ��ʤ���Фʤ餺,
\ref{create-install-dir} �����������褦�˥��åȥ��åפ���Ƥ��ʤ���
�Фʤ�ޤ���
\item[\longprogramopt{exec-prefix}=\var{dir}]
ɸ��Ū�� GNU configure �Υ��ץ����ǥ������ƥ������
��¸�����Х��ʥ�Υ��ȡ���ǥ��쥯�ȥ�����Ǥ��ޤ���
\item[\longprogramopt{with-var-prefix}=\var{dir}]
��ǽ�ʥǡ����� \var{\$prefix} �� \var{\$exec-prefix} �������
\var{dir} �β�����¸���ޤ�. ���Τ褦�ʥǡ�������Ȥ��Ƥ�,
�ꥹ�Ȥ���¸��ˤ�ꥹ������ǡ����١���������ޤ�.
\item[\longprogramopt{with-python}=\file{/path/to/python}]
��åץץ������ǻ��Ѥ��� Python ���ץ���ѹ�
���ƻ��ꤹ�뤳�Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ����ǥե���Ȥϥ������ \var{\$PATH}
����Ǻǽ�˸��Ĥ��ä���Τ�Ȥ��ޤ�.
\item[\longprogramopt{with-username}=\var{username-or-uid}]
\code{mailman} �Ǥʤ��桼��̾��Ȥ����˻��ꤹ��.
���Υ��ץ������ͤˤ������Υ桼��ID �ޤ��ϥ桼��̾��Ȥ����Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ�.
\var{\$prefix} �ǥ��쥯�ȥ꤬���Υ桼���ν�ͭ�Ǥ��뤳�Ȥ��ǧ���Ƥ�������.
\item[\longprogramopt{with-groupname}=\var{groupname-or-gid}]
\code{mailman} �Ǥʤ����롼��̾��Ȥ����˻��ꤹ��.
���Υ��ץ������ͤˤ������Υ��롼��ID �ޤ��ϥ��롼��̾��Ȥ����Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ�.
\var{\$prefix} �ǥ��쥯�ȥ꤬���Υ��롼�פν�ͭ�Ǥ��뤳�Ȥ��ǧ���Ƥ�������.
\item[\longprogramopt{with-mail-gid}=\var{group-or-groups}]
����å� ��𤷤ƥ�����ץȤ�¹Ԥ���ݤΥ��롼�פ�
���ꤷ�ޤ���\var{group-or-groups} �ϡ����Ĥޤ���ʣ��������
�Υ��롼��ID �Ǥ⡤���롼�פ�̾���Ǥ��äƤ�ĤǤ����ꥹ
�Ȥκǽ���ͤǼºݤ�¸�� ���륰�롼�פ��ͤ����Ѥ���ޤ���
�ǥե���ȤǤϡ������ \code{mailman} \code{other} \code{mail}
\code{daemon} �Υꥹ�ȤˤʤäƤ��ޤ�.
\begin{notice}[note]
����Ϲ��٤˥����ƥ��¸�Ǥ��ꡤ�������ͤ��ΤäƤ���ɬ
�פ�����ޤ����Ȥ����Τϡ����롼�� ID �� ����å� �ץ�
�����˥���ѥ��뤵��ƥ������ƥ�����뤫��Ǥ���
\program{Sendmail} ��ȤäƤ��륷���ƥ�Ǥ�, \file{sendmail.cf} ��
\var{DefaultUser} ��Ȥä� \program{sendmail} �ץ������� gid �� ����
����Ƥ��ޤ���(�⤷�������ȥ����Ȥ���Ƥ����顤�����
��ǥե���Ȥ��Ƥ��뤫�⤷��ޤ���)
\end{notice}
���Υ����å����������ͤ��Τ뤿���, ���Ѥ��Ƥ����륵���Ф�
����������ե����������å����Ƥ�������.
\item[\longprogramopt{with-cgi-gid}=\var{group-or-groups}]
CGI ��å� ��𤷤ƥ�����ץȤ�¹Ԥ���ݤΥ��롼�פ�
���ꤷ�ޤ�. \var{group-or-groups} ��, 1�Ĥޤ���ʣ��������
�Υ��롼��ID �Ǥ⡤���롼�פ�̾���Ǥ��äƤ�ĤǤ����ꥹ
�Ȥκǽ���ͤǼºݤ�¸�� ���륰�롼�פ��ͤ����Ѥ���ޤ���
�ǥե���ȤǤϡ������ \code{www} \code{www-data} \code{nobody} �� �ꥹ��
�ˤʤäƤ��ޤ���
\begin{notice}[note]
�����ͤ� Web �����Ф�����˰�¸���ޤ����������ͤ��Τ�
�Ƥ���ɬ�פ�����ޤ��� �Ȥ����Τϡ����롼��ID��CGI ��å�
�ץ������˥���ѥ��뤵��ƥ������ƥ�����뤫���
�������줬��äƤ���� Mailman CGI ������ץȤ� ư����
����
\end{notice}
�⤷ Apache ��ȤäƤ���С�\file{httpd.conf} �˽�Ƥ���
\var{Group} ���ץ���� ���ͤ�����å����Ƥ���������
\item[\longprogramopt{with-cgi-ext}=\var{extension}]
cgi �ץ������γ�ĥ�Ҥ���ꤷ�ޤ�. \file{\var{\$prefix}/cgi-bin} ��
�֤��줿 CGI ��å� �Ϥ��γ�ĥ�Ҥ�����ޤ���(�����֥�����
�ˤ�äƤ� ��ĥ�Ҥ�ɬ�פǤ�) \var{extension} �ˤ϶��ڤ�� . (dot)
������Ƥ������ȡ�
\item[\longprogramopt{with-mailhost}=\var{hostname}]
��뤬�ФƹԤ����Υۥ���̾(FQDN)����ꤷ�ޤ�. ���ȡ���
����λ�����, �����ͤ� \file{\var{\$prefix}/Mailman/mm_cfg.py} �Ǿ��
���뤳�Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ�.
\item[\longprogramopt{with-urlhost}=\var{hostname}]
������ URL �Υۥ���̾ (FQDN) ����ꤷ�ޤ�. ���ȡ��뤬
��λ�����, �����ͤ� \file{\var{\$prefix}/Mailman/mm_cfg.py} �Ǿ��
���뤳�Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ�.
\item[\longprogramopt{with-gcc}=no]
gcc �����Ĥ��äƤ�Ȥ��ޤ���\program{cc} �� \var{\$PATH} ��̵���Ȥ�
���ޤ���
\end{description}
\subsection{Make �ȥ��ȡ���}
\program{configure} ��¹Ԥ�����, \program{make} �����餻, ����
\program{make install} �Ȥ��뤳�Ȥ�, Mailman ���ۤ����ȡ��뤹��
���Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ�.
\section{���ȡ���Υ����å�}
\program{make install} ��¹Ԥ�����, �������ѡ��ߥå����ȥ��롼��
��ͭ�������ꤵ��Ƥ��뤳�Ȥ� \program{check_perms} ������ץȤ�
�Τ���Ƥ�������. �ޤ����ȡ���ǥ��쥯�ȥ�(\var{\$prefix})�˰�ư���ޤ�.
������, \program{bin/check_perms} �ץ�������¹Ԥ��ޤ�.
�������ǥ��쥯�ȥ�� \program{bin/check_perms} ��¹Ԥ��褦�Ȥ��ʤ��Ǥ�
������. ���ȡ���ǥ��쥯�ȥ�ǤΤ¹Բ�ǽ�Ǥ�.
���줬�������𤷤ʤ����, ���ʤ��Υ��ȡ�������������ꤵ
��Ƥ�����ǽ�����⤤ <������> �Ǥ�. �⤷, ����������𤵤줿��,
��ǽ������뤫, �⤦���٥��ȡ������ʤ�����, \program{check_perms}
��Ȥä�(¿ʬ, ���ִ�ñ)�������뤳�Ȥ�����ޤ�.
\begin{itemize}
\item ���ȡ����Ԥä��桼�� (\var{\$prefix} �Υե�����ν�ͭ�������
�桼��) �ˤʤ뤫, root �ˤʤ�ޤ�.
\item \program{bin/check_perms -f} ��¹Ԥ��ޤ�.
\item ���顼����𤬤ʤ��ʤ�ޤ�, ��μ����֤�!
\end{itemize}
\section{�����֥����Ф�����}
����ǤȤ���Mailman ���եȥ������Υ��ȡ��뤬��λ���ޤ�����
���������ºݤ����Ƥޤ�ư�����ˤϡ�Mailman �� �����֥����Ф�
��륷���ƥ�� ξ������³���ʤ��Ȥ����ޤ���
�⤷�����ȥ����֥����Ф��̤Υޥ����ư�����ơ�Mailman �� NFS
��ͳ�� ��ͭ�������ȹͤ��Ƥ����顤���Σ��ĤΥޥ���λ��פ�Ʊ��
���Ƥ��뤳�Ȥ� �Τ���Ƥ������������μ�δĶ��Ǥϡ�
\file{Mailman/LockFile.py} ��������줿 \var{CLOCK_SLOP} �Ȥ��������Ȥäơ�
���פΤ������������ե�������å����� �ˤ��뤳�Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ���
������Ǥ� Mailman �Υ����֥��ե��������֥����Ф���³���뤿���
ɬ�פʻ������������ޤ�. �����Ǥμ��� Apache �����֥����и����ˤʤä�
���ޤ��Τ�, �ܺ٤ˤĤ��ƤϤ����ѤΥ����֥����Ф�������Ȥ��Ƥ�������.
�����֥����Ф������ \file{\var{\$prefix}/cgi-bin} �� CGI ������ץȤ�
�¹Ե��Ĥ�Ϳ���Ƥ�������. �ä���Ԥϰʲ��Τ褦�ʤ�Τˤʤ�
�Ϥ��Ǥ�. (�������, \var{\$prefix} �ΤȤ����ϼºݤ����Хѥ���
���Ƥ�������.)
\begin{verbatim}
Exec /mailman/* $prefix/cgi-bin/*
\end{verbatim}
% $ - emacs turd
����:
\begin{verbatim}
ScriptAlias /mailman/ $prefix/cgi-bin/
\end{verbatim}
% $ - emacs turd
\begin{notice}[�ٹ�]
CGI������ץȤ�¹Ԥ��� �桼��ID�� \code{mailman} ���롼�פ����ä�
\strong{���ʤ�}���Ȥ�褯��ǧ���Ƥ����������Ǥʤ��ȡ����������¸���
��ï�ˤǤ⸫���Ƥ��ޤ��ޤ�.
\end{notice}
Mailman, Python, GNU �Υ�����Web�����ФΥ���������ǽ�ʤȤ�����
���ԡ����Ƥ����������㤨�� Apache�ξ�硤�����ե�����������
�����Τ� \file{icons} �ǥ��쥯�ȥ꤬�Ѱդ���Ƥ���Ϥ��Ǥ�����:
\begin{verbatim}
% cp $prefix/icons/*.{jpg,png} /path/to/apache/icons
\end{verbatim}
\file{\var{\$prefix}/Mailman/mm_cfg.py} �˥����Υ١����ǥ��쥯�ȥ���
�Ԥ��ɲä��Ƥ����������㤨��:
\begin{verbatim}
IMAGE_LOGOS = '/images/'
\end{verbatim}
\var{IMAGE_LOGOS} �Υǥե�����ͤ� \file{/icons/} �Ǥ�.
\file{Defaults.py.in} �˽줿�����Ȥ��ɤ�Ǥ�������.
Pipermail �θ������ꥹ����¸��ˤȤǤ���褦��
Web �����Ф� ���ꤷ�Ƥ�������. �㤨�� Apache �ξ��:
\begin{verbatim}
Alias /pipermail/ $varprefix/archives/public/
\end{verbatim}
% $ - emacs turd
������, \var{\$varprefix} ���̾�� \var{\$prefix} ��Ʊ����,
\longprogramopt{with-var-prefix} ���ץ������դ��� \program{configure}
�������ˤϤ����ͤȤʤ�ޤ�. �ޤ�,
���Υǥ��쥯�ȥ�ǥ���ܥ�å���ɤ뤳�Ȥ��Ǥ���褦��
�����֥����Ф����ꤷ�Ƥ����������Ǥʤ��ȡ�Pipermail �ν�ˤ˥���
�����Ǥ��ޤ���. Apache �Υ桼���� \var{FollowSymLinks} ���ץ�����
Ĵ�٤Ƥ�������.
�ޤ�, �⤷������¸��ˤ��ݲ��������ΤǤ����, Pipermail
�ǥ��쥯�ȥ�Υǥե����ʸ������λؼ��դˤ��������褤����
����ޤ���. �Ǥʤ���, ¿�������¸��ˤ����������뤳�Ȥ��Ǥ���
���Ǥ��礦. Apache ��ɸ��Υ��ȡ���ˤĤ��Ƥ��������:
\begin{verbatim}
<Directory "/usr/local/mailman/archives/public/">
AddDefaultCharset Off
</Directory>
\end{verbatim}
������, �����֥����Ф�Ƶ�ư���Ƥ�������.
\section{��륵���Ф�����\label{mail-server}}
������Ǥ� Mailman �Υ�륤�ե��������륵���Ф�
��³����Τ�ɬ�פʻ������������ޤ�. �����Ǥμ��ϥ�륵���Фˤ�ä�
�ۤʤ�ޤ���; �⤷���ʤ��Υ�륵���Ф����ξ���˸�������ʤ�
����, �����ˤ���ʸ����̲����뤳�Ȥ��Ƥ�������. ������, ʸ��ι�����
Mailman ��ȯ�Ԥ˥ץ쥼��Ȥ��뤳�Ȥ�ͤ��Ƥ�������.
\subsection{Postfix ��륵���Ф�Ȥ����}
Mailman ��ɸ��� Postfix ���ȡ���Ȥ��ޤ��礦�褦�ˤʤäƤ��ޤ�.
Postfix 2.1.5 (��ޤ�) �ޤǤγƼ�С������ǻ�ѤߤǤ�.
�ǥե���ȤǤ�, Postfix �� \code{-owner} �� \code{-request} �Υ��ɥ쥹��
�ü찷�����ޤ�. ���Τ褦�ʥ��� Mailman ���Ϥ��Ƥ�餦�����,
���Τ褦�� \file{main.cf} ���ɲä��Ƥ��Υ��ץ����դˤ��ޤ�:
\begin{verbatim}
owner_request_special = no
\end{verbatim}
Mailman �Υ��ץ����Ǥ��� VERP �����ݡ��Ȥ��뤿��ˤ�, (�ǥե���Ȥ�)
\code{luser_relay} ��̵���ˤ����ޤޤ�, \code{recipient_delimiter} ��
���ꤷ�ƥ��ɥ쥹�ΰ�̣��ĥ��ͭ���ˤ��ޤ�.
\file{main.cf} �� \code{luser_relay} ���ͤ�ɤ�⥳���ȥ����Ȥ�,
�ǥե���ȤΤޤޤˤ��ޤ�. �ޤ�, ���Τ褦�� \file{main.cf} �ե������
�ɲä��ޤ�.
\begin{verbatim}
recipient_delimiter = +
\end{verbatim}
���ڤ국��Ȥ��� \samp{+} ��Ȥ��� \file{Defaults.py} �ˤ���
\var{VERP_FORMAT} �� \var{VERP_REGEXP} �Υǥե�����ͤȤ��ޤ��礤�ޤ�.
¸�ߤ��ʤ��������륢�ɥ쥹�˥����������褦�Ȥ����, Postfix ��
450 �Υ��顼�����ɤ��֤����⤷��ޤ���. ����ϰ��Ū�ʥ��顼��ɽ��
�����ɤʤΤ�, Mailman �ϥǥե���Ȥ� \var{DELIVERY_RETRY_PERIOD} -- 5
���֥����������褦�Ȥ�³���ޤ�. ���Τ褦�� \file{main.cf} ��
���ꤹ�뤳�Ȥ�, ¸�ߤ��ʤ���������桼���ˤĤ��ƹ���Ū�ʥ��顼������
���֤����뤳�Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ�.
\begin{verbatim}
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
\end{verbatim}
�Ǹ��, �⤷ Postfix ��������β��ۥɥᥤ���ȤäƤ���ʤ�,
���β��ۥɥᥤ�ݡ��Ȥ�����ɤ�Ǥ�������.
\subsubsection{Postfix �� Mailman ������}
Postfix �� Mailman �����礹���, �������ꥹ�Ȥ����������,
�ꥹ�Ȥ��������Ȥ���, Postfix �Υ����ꥢ���ǡ����١�������ưŪ��
���������褦�ˤʤ�ޤ�. �����¸����뤿��μ��ϰʲ��ΤȤ���Ǥ�.
�ʲ��������Ǥ�, Mailman ���ǥե���Ȥΰ���, �Ĥޤ� \file{/usr/local/mailman}
�˥��ȡ��뤵��Ƥ����ΤȲ��ꤷ�ޤ�. �⤷, �����Ǥʤ����,
\program{configure} ���Ѥ��� \longprogramopt{prefix} ��
\longprogramopt{with-var-prefix} �Υ��ץ����˽��ä��ɤ��ؤ��Ƥ�������.
\begin{notice}[����]
�⤷, ���ۥɥᥤ���ȤäƤ���, ���ۥɥᥤ��������ͥ�褵��������
�������ˤ�, \ref{postfix-virtual} �������ɤ�Ǥ�������!
\end{notice}
\begin{itemize}
\item \file{\var{\$prefix}/Mailman/mm_cfg.py} �ե�����κǸ�˼��Τ褦��
�ɲä��Ƥ�������:
\begin{verbatim}
MTA = 'Postfix'
\end{verbatim}
�ѿ� MTA �� \file{Mailman/MTA} �ǥ��쥯�ȥ�ˤ���⥸�塼���
̾������ꤷ�ޤ�. �����ˤ�, �ꥹ�Ȥ���������������Ȥ���
�¹Ԥ����, ��륵���и�ͭ�δؿ������äƤ��ޤ�.
\item \file{Defaults.py} �ե������, \var{POSTFIX_ALIAS_CMD} ��
\var{POSTFIX_MAP_CMD} ���ޥ���ѿ����ͤ��ǧ���Ƥ�������.
������, ���줾�� \program{postalias} �� \program{postmap} �ץ������
��ؤ��Ƥ��ʤ���Фʤ�ޤ���. �⤷�ѹ���ɬ�פξ��� \file{mm_cfg.py}
����ǹԤ��褦�ˤ��Ƥ�������.
\item \program{bin/genaliases} ������ץȤ�¹Ԥ��� \file{aliases}
�ե�������������Ƥ�������.
\begin{verbatim}
% cd /usr/local/mailman
% bin/genaliases
\end{verbatim}
\file{data/aliases} �� \file{data/aliases.db} �ν�ͭ�Ԥ�
\code{mailman} ��, ���롼��ͭ�Ԥ� \code{mailman} �Ǥ��뤳�Ȥ�
��ǧ���Ƥ�������. ������ configure ���ޥ�ɤ����ꤷ���桼��
���롼�פǤ�:
\begin{verbatim}
% su
% chown mailman:mailman data/aliases*
\end{verbatim}
\item Postfix �� \file{main.cf} �ե������ \var{alias_maps} �ѿ���
���Υѥ���ޤ�褦�˽����Ƥ�������:
\begin{verbatim}
/usr/local/mailman/data/aliases
\end{verbatim}
�Ǹ�� \code{.db} ���դ��Ƥ��ʤ����Ȥˤ����դ��Ƥ�������.
\var{alias_database} �ˤ��������ƤϤ����ޤ���. �ʤ��ʤ�, Postfix
�� \program{newaliases} ���ޥ�ɤ� Mailman �� \file{aliases.db}
�ե����������Ƥ��ޤ�����Ǥ�. ������, �������륢�ɥ쥹��õ������
�Ȥ��ˤ� \file{aliases.db} �Ƥ�餤�ޤ�.
���Υ���ȥ�ˤĤ��� \code{hash:} ��������Υǡ����١������ꤿ��
�Ȼפ��Ǥ��礦. ���줬������Ǥ�:
\begin{verbatim}
alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases,
hash:/usr/local/mailman/data/aliases
\end{verbatim}
\item Mailman �� configure ����Ȥ���, \longprogramopt{with-mail-gid=mailman}
�����å�����Ѥ��Ƥ�������; ����� \code{mailman} �桼�����ɲä���
��� Mailman �� configure ���Ƥ���Хǥե���Ȥˤʤ�ޤ�.
\file{aliases.db} �ե�����ν�ͭ�Ԥ� \code{mailman} �ʤΤ�,
Postfix �� Mailman �� ��åץץ������� \code{mailman} �� uid �� gid ��
�¹Ԥ��ޤ�.
\end{itemize}
����Ǵ�λ! ���꤬�ҤȤ�: �ꥹ�Ȥ�����������������, \file{aliases.db}
�Ϲ�������ޤ���, \program{postfix reload} ��ưŪ�˼¹Ԥ���櫓�Ǥ�
����ޤ���. �����¹Ԥ���ˤ� root �ˤʤ�ʤ���Фʤ�ޤ���, root ��
suid ����������ץȤϰ����Ǥʤ�����Ǥ�. Postfix �� \file{aliases.db}
�ե�������ѹ��ȥơ��֥�ι����˵����դ��Τ� 1ʬ�ۤɤ���������Ǥ�.
\subsubsection{���ۥɥᥤ��\label{postfix-virtual}}
Postfix 2.0 �� ``virtual alias domains'' �ݡ��Ȥ��Ƥ��ޤ�. �����
����Ū�˰���``Postfix-style virtual domains'' �ȸƤФ�Ƥ�����ΤǤ�.
%
%Postfix 2.0 supports ``virtual alias domains'', essentially what used to be
%called ``Postfix-style virtual domains'' in earlier Postfix versions.
To make
virtual alias domains work with Mailman, you need to do some setup in both
Postfix and Mailman. Mailman will write all virtual alias mappings to a file
called, by default, \file{/usr/local/mailman/data/virtual-mailman}. It will
also use \program{postmap} to create the \program{virtual-mailman.db} file
that Postfix will actually use.
First, you need to set up the Postfix virtual alias domains as described in
the Postfix documentation (see Postfix's \code{virtual(5)} manpage). Note
that it's your responsibility to include the \code{virtual-alias.domain
anything} line as described manpage; Mailman will not include this line in
\file{virtual-mailman}. You are highly encouraged to make sure your virtual
alias domains are working properly before integrating with Mailman.
Next, add a path to Postfix's \var{virtual_alias_maps} variable, pointing to
the virtual-mailman file, e.g.:
\begin{verbatim}
virtual_alias_maps = <your normal virtual alias files>,
hash:/usr/local/mailman/data/virtual-mailman
\end{verbatim}
assuming you've installed Mailman in the default location. If you're using an
older version of Postfix which doesn't have the \var{virtual_alias_maps}
variable, use the \var{virtual_maps} variable instead.
Next, in your \file{mm_cfg.py} file, you will want to set the variable
\var{POSTFIX_STYLE_VIRTUAL_DOMAINS} to the list of virtual domains that Mailman
should update. This may not be all of the virtual alias domains that your
Postfix installation supports! The values in this list will be matched
against the \var{host_name} attribute of mailing lists objects, and must be an
exact match.
Here's an example. Say that Postfix is configured to handle the virtual
domains \code{dom1.ain}, \code{dom2.ain}, and \code{dom3.ain}, and further
that in your \file{main.cf} file you've got the following settings:
\begin{verbatim}
myhostname = mail.dom1.ain
mydomain = dom1.ain
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain
virtual_alias_maps =
hash:/some/path/to/virtual-dom1,
hash:/some/path/to/virtual-dom2,
hash:/some/path/to/virtual-dom2
\end{verbatim}
If in your \file{virtual-dom1} file, you've got the following lines:
\begin{verbatim}
dom1.ain IGNORE
@dom1.ain @mail.dom1.ain
\end{verbatim}
this tells Postfix to deliver anything addressed to \code{dom1.ain} to the
same mailbox at \code{mail.dom1.com}, its default destination.
In this case you would not include \code{dom1.ain} in
\var{POSTFIX_STYLE_VIRTUAL_DOMAINS} because otherwise Mailman will write
entries for mailing lists in the dom1.ain domain as
\begin{verbatim}
mylist@dom1.ain mylist
mylist-request@dom1.ain mylist-request
# and so on...
\end{verbatim}
The more specific entries trump your more general entries, thus breaking the
delivery of any \code{dom1.ain} mailing list.
However, you would include \code{dom2.ain} and \code{dom3.ain} in
\file{mm_cfg.py}:
\begin{verbatim}
POSTFIX_STYLE_VIRTUAL_DOMAINS = ['dom2.ain', 'dom3.ain']
\end{verbatim}
Now, any list that Mailman creates in either of those two domains, will have
the correct entries written to \file{/usr/local/mailman/data/virtual-mailman}.
As above with the \file{data/aliases*} files, you want to make sure that both
\file{data/virtual-mailman} and \file{data/virtual-mailman.db} are user and
group owned by \code{mailman}.
\subsubsection{An alternative approach}
Fil \email{fil@rezo.net} has an alternative approach based on virtual maps and
regular expressions, as described at:
\begin{itemize}
\item (French) \url{http://listes.rezo.net/comment.php}
\item (English) \url{http://listes.rezo.net/how.php}
\end{itemize}
This is a good (and simpler) alternative if you don't mind exposing an
additional hostname in the domain part of the addresses people will use to
contact your list. I.e. if people should use \code{mylist@lists.dom.ain}
instead of \code{mylist@dom.ain}.
\subsection{Using the Exim mail server}
\begin{notice}[note]
This section is derived from Nigel Metheringham's ``HOWTO - Using Exim and
Mailman together'', which covers Mailman 2.0.x and Exim 3. It has been
updated to cover Mailman 2.1 and Exim 4. The original document is here:
\url{http://www.exim.org/howto/mailman.html}.
\end{notice}
There is no Mailman configuration needed other than the standard options
detailed in the Mailman install documentation. The Exim configuration is
transparent to Mailman. The user and group settings for Mailman must match
those in the config fragments given below.
\subsubsection{Exim configuration}
The Exim configuration is built so that a list created within Mailman
automatically appears to Exim without the need for defining any additional
aliases.
The drawback of this configuration is that it will work poorly on systems
supporting lists in several different mail domains. While Mailman handles
virtual domains, it does not yet support having two distinct lists with the
same name in different virtual domains, using the same Mailman installation.
This will eventually change. (But see below for a variation on this scheme
that should accommodate virtual domains better.)
The configuration file excerpts below are for use in an already functional
Exim configuration, which accepts mail for the domain in which the list
resides. If this domain is separate from the others handled by your Exim
configuration, then you'll need to:
\begin{itemize}
\item add the list domain, ``my.list.domain'' to \var{local_domains}
\item add a ``domains=my.list.domain'' option to the director (router) for the
list
\item (optional) exclude that domain from your other directors (routers)
\end{itemize}
\begin{notice}[note]
The instructions in this document should work with either Exim 3 or Exim 4.
In Exim 3, you must have a \var{local_domains} configuration setting; in Exim
4, you most likely have a \var{local_domains} domainlist. If you don't, you
probably know what you're doing and can adjust accordingly. Similarly, in
Exim 4 the concept of ``directors'' has disappeared -- there are only routers
now. So if you're using Exim 4, whenever this document says ``director'',
read ``router''.
\end{notice}
Whether you are using Exim 3 or Exim 4, you will need to add some macros to
the main section of your Exim config file. You will also need to define one
new transport. With Exim 3, you'll need to add a new director; with Exim 4, a
new router plays the same role.
Finally, the configuration supplied here should allow co-habiting Mailman 2.0
and 2.1 installations, with the proviso that you'll probably want to use
\code{mm21} in place of \code{mailman} -- e.g., \var{MM21_HOME},
\var{mm21_transport}, etc.
\subsubsection{Main configuration settings}
First, you need to add some macros to the top of your Exim config file. These
just make the director (router) and transport below a bit cleaner. Obviously,
you'll need to edit these based on how you configured and installed Mailman.
\begin{verbatim}
# Home dir for your Mailman installation -- aka Mailman's prefix
# directory.
MAILMAN_HOME=/usr/local/mailman
MAILMAN_WRAP=MAILMAN_HOME/mail/mailman
# User and group for Mailman, should match your --with-mail-gid
# switch to Mailman's configure script.
MAILMAN_USER=mailman
MAILMAN_GROUP=mailman
\end{verbatim}
\subsubsection{Transport for Exim 3\label{exim3-transport}}
Add this to the transports section of your Exim config file,
i.e. somewhere between the first and second ``end'' line:
\begin{verbatim}
mailman_transport:
driver = pipe
command = MAILMAN_WRAP \
'${if def:local_part_suffix \
{${sg{$local_part_suffix}{-(\\w+)(\\+.*)?}{\$1}}} \
{post}}' \
$local_part
current_directory = MAILMAN_HOME
home_directory = MAILMAN_HOME
user = MAILMAN_USER
group = MAILMAN_GROUP
\end{verbatim}
\subsubsection{Director for Exim 3}
If you're using Exim 3, you'll need to add the following director to your
config file (directors go between the second and third ``end'' lines). Also,
don't forget that order matters -- e.g. you can make Mailman lists take
precedence over system aliases by putting this director in front of your
aliasfile director, or vice-versa.
\begin{verbatim}
# Handle all addresses related to a list 'foo': the posting address.
# Automatically detects list existence by looking
# for lists/$local_part/config.pck under MAILMAN_HOME.
mailman_director:
driver = smartuser
require_files = MAILMAN_HOME/lists/$local_part/config.pck
suffix_optional
suffix = -bounces : -bounces+* : \
-confirm+* : -join : -leave : \
-owner : -request : -admin
transport = mailman_transport
\end{verbatim}
\subsubsection{Router for Exim 4}
In Exim 4, there's no such thing as directors -- you need to add a new router
instead. Also, the canonical order of the configuration file was changed so
routers come before transports, so the router for Exim 4 comes first here.
Put this router somewhere after the ``begin routers'' line of your config
file, and remember that order matters.
\begin{verbatim}
mailman_router:
driver = accept
require_files = MAILMAN_HOME/lists/$local_part/config.pck
local_part_suffix_optional
local_part_suffix = -bounces : -bounces+* : \
-confirm+* : -join : -leave : \
-owner : -request : -admin
transport = mailman_transport
\end{verbatim}
% $ - emacs turds
\subsubsection{Transports for Exim 4}
The transport for Exim 4 is the same as for Exim 3 (see \ref{exim3-transport};
just copy the transport given above to somewhere under the ``begin
transports'' line of your Exim config file.
\subsubsection{Additional notes}
Exim should be configured to allow reasonable volume -- e.g. don't set
\var{max_recipients} down to a silly value -- and with normal degrees of
security -- specifically, be sure to allow relaying from 127.0.0.1, but pretty
much nothing else. Parallel deliveries and other tweaks can also be used if
you like; experiment with your setup to see what works. Delay warning
messages should be switched off or configured to only happen for non-list
mail, unless you like receiving tons of mail when some random host is down.
\subsubsection{Problems}
\begin{itemize}
\item Mailman will send as many \code{MAIL FROM}/\code{RCPT TO} as it needs.
It may result in more than 10 or 100 messages sent in one connection,
which will exceed the default value of Exim's
\var{smtp_accept_queue_per_connection} value. This is bad because it
will cause Exim to switch into queue mode and severely delay delivery of
your list messages. The way to fix this is to set Mailman's
\var{SMTP_MAX_SESSIONS_PER_CONNECTION} (in
\file{\var{\$prefix}/Mailman/mm_cfg.py}) to a smaller value than Exim's
\var{smtp_accept_queue_per_connection}.
\item Mailman should ignore Exim delay warning messages, even though Exim
should never send this to list messages. Mailman 2.1's general bounce
detection and VERP support should greatly improve the bounce detector's
hit rates.
\item List existence is determined by the existence of a \file{config.pck}
file for a list. If you delete lists by foul means, be aware of this.
\item If you are getting Exim or Mailman complaining about user ids when you
send mail to a list, check that the \var{MAILMAN_USER} and
\var{MAILMAN_GROUP} match those of Mailman itself (i.e. what were used
in the \program{configure} script). Also make sure you do not have
aliases in the main alias file for the list.
\end{itemize}
\subsubsection{Receiver Verification}
Exim's receiver verification feature is very useful -- it lets Exim reject
unrouteable addresses at SMTP time. However, this is most useful for
externally-originating mail that is addressed to mail in one of your local
domains. For Mailman list traffic, mail originates on your server, and is
addressed to random external domains that are not under your control.
Furthermore, each message is addressed to many recipients
-- up to 500 if you use Mailman's default configuration and don't tweak
\var{SMTP_MAX_RCPTS}.
Doing receiver verification on Mailman list traffic is a recipe for trouble.
In particular, Exim will attempt to route every recipient addresses in
outgoing Mailman list posts. Even though this requires nothing more than a
few DNS lookups for each address, it can still introduce significant delays.
Therefore, you should disable recipient verification for Mailman traffic.
Under Exim 3, put this in your main configuration section:
\begin{verbatim}
receiver_verify_hosts = !127.0.0.1
\end{verbatim}
Under Exim 4, this is probably already taken care of for you by the default
recipient verification ACL statement (in the \code{RCPT TO} ACL):
\begin{verbatim}
accept domains = +local_domains
endpass
message = unknown user
verify = recipient
\end{verbatim}
which only does recipient verification on addresses in your domain. (That's
not exactly the same as doing recipient verification only on messages coming
from non-127.0.0.1 hosts, but it should do the trick for Mailman.)
\subsubsection{SMTP Callback}
Exim's SMTP callback feature is an even more powerful way to detect bogus
sender addresses than normal sender verification. Unfortunately, lots of
servers send bounce messages with a bogus address in the header, and there are
plenty that send bounces with bogus envelope senders (even though they're
supposed to just use an empty envelope sender for bounces).
In order to ensure that Mailman can disable/remove bouncing addresses, you
generally want to receive bounces for Mailman lists, even if those bounces are
themselves not bounceable. Thus, you might want to disable SMTP callback on
bounce messages.
With Exim 4, you can accomplish this using something like the following in
your \code{RCPT TO} ACL:
\begin{verbatim}
# Accept bounces to lists even if callbacks or other checks would fail
warn message = X-WhitelistedRCPT-nohdrfromcallback: Yes
condition = \
${if and {{match{$local_part}{(.*)-bounces\+.*}} \
{exists {MAILMAN_HOME/lists/$1/config.pck}}} \
{yes}{no}}
{yes}{no}}
accept condition = \
${if and {{match{$local_part}{(.*)-bounces\+.*}} \
{exists {MAILMAN_HOME/lists/$1/config.pck}}} \
{yes}{no}}
{yes}{no}}
# Now, check sender address with SMTP callback.
deny !verify = sender/callout=90s
\end{verbatim}
If you also do SMTP callbacks on header addresses, you'll want something like
this in your \code{DATA} ACL:
\begin{verbatim}
deny !condition = $header_X-WhitelistedRCPT-nohdrfromcallback:
!verify = header_sender/callout=90s
\end{verbatim}
% $ - emacs turd
\subsubsection{Doing VERP with Exim and Mailman}
VERP will send one email, with a separate envelope sender (return path), for
each of your subscribers -- read the information in
\file{\var{\$prefix}/Mailman/Default.py} for the options that start with VERP.
In a nutshell, all you need to do to enable VERP with Exim is to add these lines to \file{\var{\$prefix}/Mailman/mm_cfg.py}:
\begin{verbatim}
VERP_PASSWORD_REMINDERS = Yes
VERP_PERSONALIZED_DELIVERIES = Yes
VERP_DELIVERY_INTERVAL = Yes
VERP_CONFIRMATIONS = Yes
\end{verbatim}
(The director (router) above is smart enough to deal with VERP bounces.)
\subsubsection{Virtual Domains}
One approach to handling virtual domains is to use a separate Mailman
installation for each virtual domain. Currently, this is the only way to have
lists with the same name in different virtual domains handled by the same
machine.
In this case, the \var{MAILMAN_HOME} and \var{MAILMAN_WRAP} macros are useless
-- you can remove them. Change your director (router) to something like this:
\begin{verbatim}
require_files = /virtual/${domain}/mailman/lists/${lc:$local_part}/config.pck
\end{verbatim}
% $ - emacs turd
and change your transport like this:
\begin{verbatim}
command = /virtual/${domain}/mailman/mail/mailman \
${if def:local_part_suffix \
{${sg{$local_part_suffix}{-(\\w+)(\\+.*)?}{\$1}}}
{post}} \
$local_part
current_directory = /virtual/${domain}/mailman
home_directory = /virtual/${domain}/mailman
\end{verbatim}
% $ - emacs turd
\subsubsection{List Verification}
This is how a set of address tests for the Exim lists look on a working
system. The list in question is \email{quixote-users@mems-exchange.org}, and
these commands were run on the \code{mems-exchange.org} mail server ("% "
indicates the Unix shell prompt):
\begin{verbatim}
% exim -bt quixote-users
quixote-users@mems-exchange.org
router = mailman_main_router, transport = mailman_transport
% exim -bt quixote-users-request
quixote-users-request@mems-exchange.org
router = mailman_router, transport = mailman_transport
% exim -bt quixote-users-bounces
quixote-users-bounces@mems-exchange.org
router = mailman_router, transport = mailman_transport
% exim -bt quixote-users-bounces+luser=example.com
quixote-users-bounces+luser=example.com@mems-exchange.org
router = mailman_router, transport = mailman_transport
\end{verbatim}
If your \program{exim -bt} output looks something like this, that's a start:
at least it means Exim will pass the right messages to the right Mailman
commands. It by no means guarantees that your Exim/Mailman installation is
functioning perfectly, though!
\subsubsection{Document History}
Originally written by Nigel Metheringham \email{postmaster@exim.org}. Updated
by Marc Merlin \email{marc_soft@merlins.org} for Mailman 2.1, Exim 4.
Overhauled/reformatted/clarified/simplified by Greg Ward
\email{gward@python.net}.
\subsection{Sendmail ��륵���Ф�Ȥ����}
\begin{notice}[�ٹ�]
Sendmail ��륵���Ф�Ȥ��Ȥ�,
\file{mm_cfg.py} ����� \var{DELIVERY_MODULE} �����ѿ��Ȥ��� \code{'Sendmail'}
�����줿���Ȼפ����⤷��ޤ���, \file{Sendmail.py} �Υ⥸�塼��̾��
�ְ�ä��դ����Ƥ��ޤ�.
�ǥե���Ȥ� \file{SMTPDirect.py} �ǻȤ� SMTP �������Ф���, ���ޥ�ɥ饤���
��å��������Ϥ�������ɽ���Ƥ��ޤ�.
\file{Sendmail.py} �ե�����ˤϴ��ΤΥ������ƥ��ۡ��뤬����
��ǰŪ��ǽ����������뤿�������Ƥ��ޤ�\footnote{�º�, Mailman ��
�Ƕ�ΥС������Ǥϰտ�Ū�˹����ܤäƤ��ޤ�. �⤷�����ͭ����
�������ΤǤ����, �褯�Τä��֤��Ƥ�������.}.
�⤷ \file{SMTPDirect.py} �����Ѥ����꤬����ʤ� \file{Sendmail.py} ��
�Ȥ��ΤǤʤ�, �����ľ�����ȤǤ�. �Ǥʤ��ȥ������ƥ����Ѥˤ��餹
���Ȥˤʤ꤫�ͤޤ���.
\end{notice}
\subsubsection{Sendmail �� ``smrsh'' �Ȥ�Ŭ��}
�������С������� Sendmail �� Sendmail �����ץ������Ȥ���
�Ȥ����Ȥ����¤��뤿��� ``smrsh'' �Ȥ������¼¹ԥ桼�ƥ���ƥ���
�դ��Ƥ��ޤ�. ����Ū�� Mailman �Υ�åץץ�����ब smrsh �ǻȤ���
�褦�ˤ��Ƥ����ʤ��� Mailman ��ư��ޤ���. �⤷��뤬 Mailman ��
��åץץ��������Ϥ���, ``operating system error'' ������
�����˵�Ͽ����Ƥ����, ����������ͤ������äƤ��뤳�Ȥˤʤ�ޤ�.
������褹��Τˤ褤��ˡ��:
\begin{itemize}
\item Sendmail �� smrsh ��åץץ�������ɤ��Ǽ¹Ԥ��Ƥ��뤫��õ��:
\begin{verbatim}
% grep smrsh /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
\end{verbatim}
\item �¹Ե��Ĥ�����ץ������� smrsh ���ɤ��˥���ܥ�å�
����Ƥ��뤫��õ��. ���Υ��ޥ�ɤκǽ�Τۤ��Ǥɤ�����
�ǥ��쥯�ȥ�(�㤨�� \file{/var/adm/sm.bin} �ߤ�����)�Υѥ�
���ФƤ���Ǥ��礦:
\begin{verbatim}
% strings $path_to_smrsh | less
\end{verbatim}
\item \file{/var/adm/sm.bin} ���뤤�ϼ�ʬ�Υ����ƥ�Ǹ��Ĥ���
�ǥ��쥯�ȥ� (\file{/etc/smrsh} �Ȥ� \file{/var/smrsh} �Ȥ�
\file{/usr/local/smrsh} �Ȥ�...) �ذܤä�:
\begin{verbatim}
% cd /var/adm/sm.bin
\end{verbatim}
\item Mailman �Υ�åץץ������ؤΥ���ܥ�å����������ޤ�:
\begin{verbatim}
% ln -s /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman mailman
\end{verbatim}
\end{itemize}
\subsubsection{Sendmail �� Mailman ������}
David Champion �� Sendmail �� Mailman ����̩�ܤ����礹��, �Ĥޤ�
�ꥹ�Ȥ��������줿�Ȥ��˥����ꥢ���ơ��֥�����Խ����ʤ��Ƥ�,
Sendmail ����ưŪ��ǧ�����������ꥹ�Ȥ���������褦�ˤ��뤿���
�쥷�Ԥ��£���Ƥ���ޤ���.
Mailman �Υ���������ʪ \file{contrib} �ǥ��쥯�ȥ�˼���4�Ĥ�
�ե����뤬����ޤ�:
\begin{itemize}
\item \file{mm-handler.readme} - ���åȥ��åפ�����ˡ������
\item \file{mm-handler} - ������������������ (MDA)
\item \file{mailman.mc} - ����ե��������
\item \file{virtusertable} - RFC 2142 ���ɥ쥹�㳰�ˤĤ��Ƥ���
\end{itemize}
\subsubsection{��ǽ�ˤĤ���}
Sendmail ����ǽ����Ȥ��װ��Ȥ��Ƴμ¤ʤΤ�, �����ԤΥۥ��Ȥ� DNS
��Ʊ���˸��ڤ���褦�����ꤵ��Ƥ�����Ǥ�. Mailman ���饵���Ф�
��뤬���������Ȥ��ˤ�������������ǽ������ޤ�.
Mailman �� \code{localhost} (�Ĥޤ�, 127.0.0.1) ���� Sendmail ��
SMTP �ݡ��Ȥ���³���ޤ��Τ�, ��������ۥ��Ȥ������³�ˤĤ��Ƥ�
DNS �Ǥ�Ʊ�����ڤ�\strong{���ʤ�}�褦�� Sendmail �����ꤷ�Ƥ�������.
\subsection{Using the Qmail mail server\label{qmail-issues}}
There are some issues that users of the qmail mail transport agent have
encountered. None of the core maintainers use qmail, so all of this
information has been contributed by the Mailman user community, especially
Martin Preishuber and Christian Tismer, with notes by Balazs Nagy (BN) and
Norbert Bollow (NB).
\begin{itemize}
\item You might need to set the mail-gid user to either \code{qmail},
\code{mailman}, or \code{nofiles} by using the
\longprogramopt{with-mail-gid} \program{configure} option.
\emph{BN:} it highly depends on your mail storing policy. For example
if you use the simple \file{~alias/.qmail-*} files, you can use
\program{`id -g alias`}. But if you use \file{/var/qmail/users}, the
specified mail gid can be used.
If you are going to be directing virtual domains directly to the
\code{mailman} user (using ``virtualdomains'' on a list-only domain, for
example), you will have to use \longprogramopt{with-mail-gid}=\var{gid
of mailman user's group}. This is incompatible with having list aliases
in \file{~alias}, unless that alias simply forwards to
\code{mailman-listname*}.
\item If there is a user \code{mailman} on your system, the alias
\code{mailman-owner} will work only in \file{~mailman}. You have to do
a \program{touch .qmail-owner} in \file{~mailman} directory to create
this alias.
\emph{NB:} An alternative, IMHO better solution is to \program{chown
root ~mailman}, that will stop qmail from considering \code{mailman} to
be a user to whom mail can be delivered. (See ``man 8 qmail-getpw''.)
\item In a related issue, if you have any users with the same name as one of
your mailing lists, you will have problems if list names contain
\samp{-} in them. Putting \file{.qmail} redirections into the user's
home directory doesn't work because the Mailman wrappers will not get
spawned with the proper GID. The solution is to put the following lines
in the \file{/var/qmail/users/assign} file:
\begin{verbatim}
+zope-:alias:112:11:/var/qmail/alias:-:zope-:
.
\end{verbatim}
where in this case the listname is e.g. \code{zope-users}.
\emph{NB:} Alternatively, you could host the lists on a virtual domain,
and use the \file{/var/qmail/control/virtualdomains} file to put the
\code{mailman} user in charge of this virtual domain.
\item \emph{BN:}If inbound messages are delivered by another user than
\code{mailman}, it's necessary to allow it to access \file{~mailman}.
Be sure that \file{~mailman} has group writing access and setgid bit is
set. Then put the delivering user to \code{mailman} group, and you can
deny access to \file{~mailman} to others. Be sure that you can do the
same with the WWW service.
By the way the best thing is to make a virtual mail server to handle all
of the mail. \emph{NB:} E.g. make an additional "A" DNS record for the
virtual mailserver pointing to your IP address, add the line
\code{lists.kva.hu:mailman} to \file{/var/qmail/control/virtualdomains}
and a \code{lists.kva.hu} line to \file{/var/qmail/control/rcpthosts}
file. Don't forget to HUP the qmail-send after modifying
``virtualdomains''. Then every mail to lists.kva.hu will arrive to
mail.kva.hu's mailman user.
Then make your aliases:
\begin{verbatim}
.qmail => mailman@...'s letters
.qmail-owner => mailman-owner's letters
\end{verbatim}
For list aliases, you can either create them manually:
\begin{verbatim}
.qmail-list => posts to the 'list' list
.qmail-list-admin => posts to the 'list's owner
.qmail-list-request => requests to 'list'
etc
\end{verbatim}
or for automatic list alias handling (when using the lists.kva.hu
virtual as above), see \file{contrib/qmail-to-mailman.py} in the Mailman
source distribution. Modify the \file{~mailman/.qmail-default} to
include:
\begin{verbatim}
|/path/to/python /path/to/qmail-to-mailman.py
\end{verbatim}
and new lists will automatically be picked up.
\item You have to make sure that the localhost can relay. If you start qmail
via inetd and tcpenv, you need some line the following in your
\file{/etc/hosts.allow} file:
\begin{verbatim}
tcp-env: 127. 10.205.200 : setenv RELAYCLIENT
\end{verbatim}
where 10.205.200. is your IP address block. If you use tcpserver, then
you need something like the following in your \file{/etc/tcp.smtp} file:
\begin{verbatim}
10.205.200.:allow,RELAYCLIENT=""
127.:allow,RELAYCLIENT=""
\end{verbatim}
\item \emph{BN:} Bigger \file{/var/qmail/control/concurrencyremote} values
work better sending outbound messages, within reason. Unless you know
your system can handle it (many if not most cannot) this should not be
set to a value greater than 120.
\item More information about setting up qmail and relaying can be found in the
qmail documentation.
\end{itemize}
\emph{BN:} Last but not least, here's a little script to generate aliases to
your lists (if for some reason you can/will not have them automatically picked
up using \file{contrib/qmail-to-mailman.py}):
This script is for the Mailman 2.0 series:
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/sh
if [ $# = 1 ]; then
i=$1
echo Making links to $i in the current directory...
echo "|preline /home/mailman/mail/mailman post $i" > .qmail-$i
echo "|preline /home/mailman/mail/mailman mailowner $i" > .qmail-$i-admin
echo "|preline /home/mailman/mail/mailman mailowner $i" > .qmail-$i-owner
echo "|preline /home/mailman/mail/mailman mailowner $i" > .qmail-owner-$i
echo "|preline /home/mailman/mail/mailman mailcmd $i" > .qmail-$i-request
fi
\end{verbatim}
% $ - emacs turd
\begin{notice}[note]
This is for a new Mailman 2.1 installation. Users upgrading from
Mailman 2.0 would most likely change \file{/usr/local/mailman} to
\file{/home/mailman}. If in doubt, refer to the \longprogramopt{prefix}
option passed to \program{configure} during compile time.
\end{notice}
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/sh
if [ $# = 1 ]; then
i=$1
echo Making links to $i in the current directory...
echo "|preline /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman post $i" > .qmail-$i
echo "|preline /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman admin $i" > .qmail-$i-admin
echo "|preline /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman bounces $i" > .qmail-$i-bounces
# The following line is for VERP
# echo "|preline /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman bounces $i" > .qmail-$i-bounces-default
echo "|preline /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman confirm $i" > .qmail-$i-confirm
echo "|preline /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman join $i" > .qmail-$i-join
echo "|preline /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman leave $i" > .qmail-$i-leave
echo "|preline /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman owner $i" > .qmail-$i-owner
echo "|preline /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman request $i" > .qmail-$i-request
echo "|preline /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman subscribe $i" > .qmail-$i-subscribe
echo "|preline /usr/local/mailman/mail/mailman unsubscribe $i" > .qmail-$i-unsubscribe
fi
\end{verbatim}
% $ - emacs turd
\subsubsection{Information on VERP}
You will note in the alias generating script for 2.1 above, there is a line
for VERP that has been commented out. If you are interested in VERP there are
two options. The first option is to allow Mailman to do the VERP formatting.
To activate this, uncomment that line and add the following lines to your
\file{mm_cfg.py} file:
\begin{verbatim}
VERP_FORMAT = '%(bounces)s-+%(mailbox)s=%(host)s'
VERP_REGEXP = r'^(?P<bounces>.*?)-\+(?P<mailbox>[^=]+)=(?P<host>[^@]+)@.*$'
\end{verbatim}
% $ - emacs turd
The second option is a patch on SourceForge located at:
\url{http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail\&atid=300103\&aid=645513\&group_id=103}
This patch currently needs more testing and might best be suitable for
developers or people well familiar with qmail. Having said that, this patch
is the more qmail-friendly approach resulting in large performance gains.
\subsubsection{Virtual mail server}
As mentioned in the \ref{qmail-issues} section for a virtual mail server, a
patch under testing is located at:
\url{http://sf.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail\&aid=621257\&group_id=103\&atid=300103}
Again, this patch is for people familiar with their qmail installation.
\subsubsection{More information}
You might be interested in some information on modifying footers that Norbert
Bollow has written about Mailman and qmail, available here:
\url{http://mailman.cis.to/qmail-verh/}
\section{�����ȤΥǥե���Ȥ�����\label{customizing}}
Mailman �ˤ������Υ��������Τ����ꥪ�ץ������ޤ��Τ�, ������������,
ɬ�פ˱������ѹ����Ƥ�������.
���ץ����Τ����Ĥ��� Mailman �����ʤ��δĶ��Ǥɤ�ư��뤫�����椷,
���뤤�Ͽ����˺��������ꥹ�ȤΥǥե���Ȥ����Ӥޤ�\footnote{
����Ū��, �������ѹ������ꥹ�ȤΥǥե���Ȥϴ��˺����ѤߤΥꥹ�Ȥˤ�
Ŭ�Ѥ���ޤ���. �ꥹ�Ȥ��������줿����ѹ���ä���ˤ�, �����֥��ե�����
��Ȥ��� \program{bin/withlist} �� \program{bin/config_list} �Τ褦��
���ޥ�ɹԥ�����ץȤ�Ȥ��ޤ�.}.
�ޤ������ƥ���塼�˥Υѥ���������Υ��ץ������ޤ�.
\file{\var{\$prefix}/Mailman/Defaults.py} �ե�����˥��������Τ�
�ǥե���Ȥ����������äƤ��ޤ�. ������, \strong{����} ���Υե������
�ѹ����ƤϤ����ޤ���. ��������, Ʊ���ǥ��쥯�ȥ�ˤ���,
\file{mm_cfg.py} �ե�������ѹ����Ƥ�������. \file{Defaults.py} ��
���äƤ���ΤȰ㤦��Τ��� \file{mm_cfg.py} �˽ä���Ф褤�����Ǥ�.
���� Mailman ��С�����åפ������, \file{mm_cfg.py} ����������
���ȤϤ���ޤ���.
\file{Defaults.py} �ե�����ˤϥ����Ȥ������Ƥ���ޤ�. ������
���ץ��������������뤳�ȤϤ��ޤ���. \file{Defaults.py} �� \file{mm_cfg.py}
�Ϥɤ���� \ulink{Python}{http://www.python.org} �ե�����ʤΤ�
Python ��ʸˡ����褦�ˤ��ʤ��Ȥ����ޤ���. �Ǥʤ��� Mailman ��ư���ޤ���.
\begin{notice}[����]
\var{HOME_DIR} �� \var{MAILMAN_DIR} �ѿ����Ѥ��Ƥ� \strong{�����ޤ���}.
������ \program{configure} ������ץȤǼ�ưŪ�����ꤵ��ޤ�.
�⤷�Ѥ���� Mailman �Υ��ȡ��뤬����ޤ�.
\end{notice}
\file{mm_cfg.py} ���ѹ��� \ref{building} ��� Mailman ��
���ȡ��뤷���Ȥ��Υ桼���Ǥ����ʤ�ɬ�פ�����ޤ�.
\section{���������ΤΥ��ꥹ�Ȥ���}
Mailman �ȥ�륵���Ф����������������, ���� ``����������'' ��
���ꥹ�Ȥ���ɬ�פ�����ޤ�. ����ϥѥ������˺���Τ�ȯ����
�Ȥ��Ƹ�����ΤǤ���, Mailman �����������Ѥ���Τ�ɬ�פʤ�ΤǤ�.
�̾�, ����� \code{mailman} �Ȥ���̾���Υꥹ�ȤǤ���, �ѹ�����ɬ�פ�
�������, \file{mm_cfg.py} ����� \var{MAILMAN_SITE_LIST} �ѿ���
�ѹ����Ƥ�������. ���Υץ���ץȤ�³�����ޥ�ɤǤ��Υ����ȥꥹ�Ȥ�
�������뤳�Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ�.
\begin{verbatim}
% bin/newlist mailman
\end{verbatim}
������, �����ȥꥹ�Ȥ�����ޤ�. ����ν����ˤʤ�褦��,
�����ȥꥹ�Ȥ������ʤҤʷ��� \file{data/sitelist.cfg} �˺�ä�
����ޤ�. ���ΤҤʷ������ꥪ�ץ����ˤĤ��Ƹ��Ƥ����Ƥ�������.
\file{sitelist.cfg} �ե������̾�����ФƤ��ʤ����ץ����ˤĤ��Ƥ�
�ѹ�����ʤ����Ȥ����դ��Ƥ�������.
���ΤҤʷ���Ŭ�Ѥ���ˤϼ��Τ褦�ˤ��ޤ�:
\begin{verbatim}
% bin/config_list -i data/sitelist.cfg mailman
\end{verbatim}
\file{sitelist.cfg} �Υ��ץ�����Ŭ�Ѥθ��, �ꥹ�Ȥδ����ڡ�����
����Ƥ������Ȥ�˺��ʤ��Ǥ�������.
��������.
�����ȥꥹ�Ȥˤϼ�ʬ���Ȥ���Ͽ���Ƥ����Ƥ�������.
\section{Cron ������}
¿���� Mailman �λŻ������Ū�ʥ������塼���ȯ�����ޤ�. ���Τ���,
������������������ץ�������¹Ԥ���褦 \program{cron} �����ꤷ�ʤ����
�ʤ�ޤ���\footnote{�����ΥС�����鹹������Ȥ��ˤ�, ������
crontab ������ʤ��Ȥ����ʤ����⤷��ޤ���. ������, ʣ���� Mailman ��
���ȡ��뤷�Ƥ�����ˤ����դ�ɬ�פǤ�. crontab ���ѹ������
¾��ʿ�Ԥ��� Mailman ��������⤷��ޤ���.}.
�⤷, ���ʤ��� crontab �� \programopt{-u} ���ץ����ݡ��Ȥ���
������, root �ˤʤäƼ��Υ��ƥåפ�¹Ԥ��Ƥ�������.
���Υ��ޥ�ɤ�¹Ԥ��� \file{\var{\$prefix}/cron/crontab.in} ��
crontab �Υ���ȥ������ޤ�.
\begin{verbatim}
% cd $prefix/cron
% crontab -u mailman crontab.in
\end{verbatim}
�⤷, \longprogramopt{with-username} ���ץ�����ȤäƤ�����, \programopt{-u}
�ΰ����ˤ� \code{mailman} ������ˤ��Υ桼��̾��Ȥ��ޤ�.
�⤷, crontab �� \programopt{-u} ���ץ����ݡ��Ȥ��Ƥ��ʤ����,
���Τ褦�ˤ��Ƥ�������:
\begin{verbatim}
% cd $prefix/cron
% su - mailman
% crontab crontab.in
\end{verbatim}
\section{Mailman �� qrunner ��ư����}
Mailman �����ƤΥ�������� ``qrunner'' �ȸƤФ��ץ�������Ȥ��ޤ�.
\var{\$prefix} �˰�ư����, ���Υ��ޥ�ɤ�¹Ԥ��뤳�Ȥ� qrunner ��
��ư����ɬ�פ�����ޤ�:
\begin{verbatim}
% bin/mailmanctl start
\end{verbatim}
�����ƥ���֡��Ȥ��뤿�Ӥ� Mailman ��ư�����ۤ����褤�Ǥ��礦.
�ºݤˤɤ����뤫�ϻ��Ѥ��륪�ڥ졼�ƥ������ƥ�˰�¸���ޤ�.
OS �� \program{chkconfig} ���ޥ�ɤݡ��Ȥ��Ƥ���� (�㤨�� Red Hat
�� Mandrake �� Linux) ���Τ褦�ˤ��Ƥ������� (Mailman ��
���ȡ���ǥ��쥯�ȥ꤫��, root �ˤʤä�):
\begin{verbatim}
% cp scripts/mailman /etc/init.d/mailman
% chkconfig --add mailman
\end{verbatim}
\file{/etc/init.d} �ϥ����ƥ�ˤ�äƤ� \file{/etc/rc.d/init.d} ����
����ޤ���.
Gentoo Linux �Ǥϼ��Τ褦�ˤ��ޤ�:
\begin{verbatim}
% cp scripts/mailman /etc/init.d/mailman
% rc-update add mailman default
\end{verbatim}
Debian �ǤϤ�������Ȥ褤�Ǥ��礦:
\begin{verbatim}
% update-rc.d mailman defaults
\end{verbatim}
\program{chkconfig} �ݡ��Ȥ��ʤ� \UNIX{} �Ǥϼ��ΰ�Ϣ�Υ��ޥ��
���Ƥߤ�Ȥ褤���⤷��ޤ���:
\begin{verbatim}
% cp scripts/mailman /etc/init.d/mailman
% cp misc/mailman /etc/init.d
% cd /etc/rc.d/rc0.d
% ln -s ../init.d/mailman K12mailman
% cd ../rc1.d
% ln -s ../init.d/mailman K12mailman
% cd ../rc2.d
% ln -s ../init.d/mailman S98mailman
% cd ../rc3.d
% ln -s ../init.d/mailman S98mailman
% cd ../rc4.d
% ln -s ../init.d/mailman S98mailman
% cd ../rc5.d
% ln -s ../init.d/mailman S98mailman
% cd ../rc6.d
% ln -s ../init.d/mailman K12mailman
\end{verbatim}
\section{�ۥ���̾�����������å�����}
\file{Defaults.py} ����� \var{DEFAULT_EMAIL_HOST} �� \var{DEFAULT_URL_HOST}
������å����Ƥ�������. �ѹ���ɬ�פʾ��� \file{Defaults.py} �� \strong{�ʤ�}
\file{mm_cfg.py} �˽ޤ�.
�ޤ�, �ɤ��餫���ͤ��ѹ������Ȥ��ˤ�, \file{mm_cfg.py} ���ѹ��θ��,
���Τ褦���ɲä��Ƥ�������.
\begin{verbatim}
add_virtualhost(DEFAULT_URL_HOST, DEFAULT_EMAIL_HOST)
\end{verbatim}
�⤷���˺��������ꥹ�Ȥ����ä���, \program{bin/fix_url.py} ��Ȥä�
�ɥᥤ��̾���ѹ����Ƥ�������.
\section{�����ȥѥ���ɤκ���}
\program{bin/mmsitepass} ������ץȤ���Ѥ����, ���ޥ�ɥ饤��
���ĤΥ��������ΤΥѥ���ɤ�����Ǥ��ޤ�.
����ܤ�, ``�����ȥѥ����'' �ǥ����ƥ��ǥѥ���ɤ�ɬ�פ�
���Ϥɤ��Ǥ�Ȥ����Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ�. �����ȥѥ���ɤϤɤΥꥹ�Ȥ�
�����ڡ����ؤ����뤳�Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ���, �ɤΥ桼���Ȥ��Ƥ��������Ǥ��ޤ�.
Unix �����ƥ�Ǥ� \code{root} ��ͤ��Ƥ�������. ���Υѥ���ɤ�
�����ͤ�������Ǥ�������.
�����ܤΥѥ���ɤϥ��������Τ� ``�ꥹ�Ⱥ���'' �ѥ���ɤǤ�.
�����Ȥ���, �����ȥѥ���ɤ����Ƥ��ø���Ϳ������, �������ꥹ�Ȥ�
������������θ��¤�������뤳�Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ�.
�������, �����ȥѥ���ɤǤ⿷�������ꥹ�Ȥ�����Ǥ��ޤ���,
�ꥹ�Ⱥ����ѥ���ɤ����̤��������˸��ꤹ���ΤǤ�.
�����ȥѥ���ɤ�����ˤϼ��Υ��ޥ�ɤ�Ȥ��ޤ�:
\begin{verbatim}
% $prefix/bin/mmsitepass <���ʤ��Υ����ȥѥ����>
\end{verbatim}
�ꥹ�Ⱥ����ѥ���ɤ�����ϼ��Υ��ޥ�ɤ�ȤäƤ�������:
\begin{verbatim}
% $prefix/bin/mmsitepass -c <�ꥹ�Ⱥ����ѥ����>
\end{verbatim}
�ꥹ�Ⱥ����ѥ���ɤ����ꤷ�ʤ��Ƥ�빽�Ǥ���, �����ȥѥ���ɤ�
ɬ�פˤʤ�Ϥ��Ǥ�.
\section{���ƥꥹ�Ȥ��������}
Mailman ��Ȥ��������äƥꥹ�Ȥ�������������ꤷ����Ȥ��ä��ܤ�������
�ˤĤ��Ƥ�, Mailman �ꥹ�ȴ����ޥ˥奢��Ȥ��Ƥ�������.
�����Ǥ�, �����֥��ե�������Ȥäƺǽ�Υ��ꥹ�Ȥ����
���뤿��δ�ñ�ʥ����ɤ��������ޤ�:
\begin{itemize}
\item �ޤ� URL \code{http://my.dom.ain/mailman/create} ���Ƥ�������.
\item ���̤˽ФƤ���ؼ��˽��äƥե�����˵�������, ``�ꥹ�Ⱥ����Ԥ�
�ѥ����'' �ΤȤ����� \ref{customizing} ��Ǻ�������
�ѥ���ɤ�����Ƥ�������. ��ʬ�Υ�륢�ɥ쥹��
``�ꥹ�ȴ����ԥ��ɥ쥹�ν������'' �ΤȤ���������,
``�֥ꥹ�Ⱥ�����λ�פ���Ǵ����Ԥ��Τ餻�ޤ���'' �� ``�Ϥ�'' ��
����Ǥ�������.
\item ``�ꥹ�Ȥ��������'' �ܥ����å����Ƥ�������.
\item Mailman ���餢�ʤ����˿��������ꥹ�Ȥ��������줿���Ȥ�
�����Τ餻�ޤ��Τǥ����å����Ƥ�������.
\item ��ǧ�Υ����֥ڡ����� Mailman �������������˽줿���
���ɤä�, �ꥹ�Ȥδ����ڡ����عԤäƲ�����. ����������, URL ��
\code{http://my.dom.ain/mailman/admin/mylist} �ߤ����ˤʤäƤ�
�Ϥ��Ǥ�.
\item �ꥹ�ȤΥѥ���ɤ������, ``��������...'' ��å����ޤ�.
\item ``�������'' ��å���, ³���� ``�ޤȤ��������Ͽ'' �عԤä�
��������.
\item �礭���ƥ��������ϥ��ꥢ�˼�ʬ�Υ�륢�ɥ쥹������,
``�ѹ�����������'' ��å����Ƥ�������.
\item ��ʬ�Υ�륽�եȤ�, \code{mylist@my.dom.ain} ���Ƥ˥���
�Ф��Ƥ�������. 1,2ʬ�Τ�����, Mailman ��ͳ�Ǽ�ʬ�Υ�뤬�֤ä�
���Ǥ��礦.
\end{itemize}
����ǤȤ�! ���ʤ��κǽ�Υ��ꥹ�Ȥ�����ȥƥ��Ȥ���λ���ޤ���.
�������꤬�����ä���, \ref{troubleshooting} ��Ƥ�������.
\section{�ȥ�֥���к�\label{troubleshooting}}
�⤷, Mailman �μ¹Ԥ����꤬ȯ��������, �ޤ��ʲ��Ρְ���Ū��
����פ��������å����ޤ��礦���⤷�����꤬�����˴�
�ޤ�Ƥ��ʤ���С�\ulink{����饤��إ��}{http://www.list.org/help.html}
�Ƥ�������. ��������, \ulink{FAQ}{http://www.list.org/faq.html}
�� \ulink{���饯�ƥ��֤� FAQ ����������}{http://www.python.org/cgi-bin/faqw-mm.py}
�عԤ����Ȥ��Ǥ��ޤ�.
���줫�顤�����ƥ�� syslog ��, Mailman ��
\file{\var{\$prefix}/logs/error} �ե�����˥��顼�����äƤ��ʤ���������å�
���ޤ��礦��
����Ǥ����꤬�����, \email{mailman-users@python.org} ���ꥹ��
\footnote{������Ƥ���ˤϤ����ꥹ�Ȥ�����ʤ��Ȥ����ޤ���,
�ꥹ�Ȥ���¸��ˤϰ��̸�������Ƥ��ޤ�.} �˼����Ƥ�������.
\url{http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/mailman-users} �˾ܤ���
���⤬����ޤ�.
���ڥ졼�ƥ������ƥ��, ���Ѥ��Ƥ��� Python �ΥС������,
���ȡ������ Mailman �ΥС������ʤɤˤĤ��Ƥξ����
˺�줺������Ƥ�������.
�ʲ���, ����Ū�ʼ���Ȳ����Υꥹ�ȤǤ�:
Here is a list of some common questions and answers:
\begin{itemize}
\item \strong{����:} Mailman �� �����֥ڡ��������� 404 File not found ���顼��
�ʤ�ޤ�.
\strong{���ˡ:} �����֥����Ф������ Mailman �� CGI ���ޥ�ɤ�������
������褦������Ǥ��Ƥ��ޤ���. �ʲ����ǧ:
\begin{enumerate}
\item �����֥����Ф� \file{\var{\$prefix}/cgi-bin} ������������
(�ѡ��ߥå����) �����ꤹ��.
\item �����֥����Ф��������Ƶ�ư����.
\end{enumerate}
�����֥����Ф��������褯�ɤ�Ǥɤ�������褤��Ĵ�٤Ƥ�������.
\item \strong{����:} Mailman �Υ����֥ڡ��������� "Internal Server
Error" �ˤʤ�ޤ�.
\strong{���ˡ:} �ְ�ä��桼���ޤ��ϥ��롼�פ�Ȥä� CGI ��
�¹Ԥ��褦�Ȥ��Ƥ����ǽ��������ޤ�. �����֥����ФΥ���������å�����
��������. �㤨�аʲ��Τ褦�ʹԤ����ä���,
\begin{verbatim}
Attempt to exec script with invalid gid 51, expected 99
\end{verbatim}
Mailman ��ƥ��ȡ��뤷�ʤ���Фʤ�ޤ���. \label{building}
��˽�Ƥ����褦��, ������ CGI ���롼�� ID ����ꤷ��
��������.
\item \strong{����:} ����ꥹ�Ȥ����ä���, �ꥹ�Ȥ����Ĥ���ʤ��Ȥ���
����������ޤ���.
\strong{���ˡ:} ¿ʬ, �����ƥ�Υ����ꥢ���ǡ����١�����ɬ�פ�
�����ꥢ������Ͽ���Ƥ��ʤ��ä��ΤǤ��礦. ���뤤��, Mailman ��
��륵���Ф��Ȥ߹�碌���������Ԥ��Ƥ��ʤ��Τ��⤷��ޤ���.
�����ꥢ���ǡ����١��������Ƥ��ʤ���, ���ʤ��Υ����ƥ�Ǥ�
\program{newaliases} ������Ū�˼¹Ԥ���ɬ�פ�����Τ�����ޤ���.
���ʤ��������ѤΥ����ФˤĤ���\ref{mail-server}���
��ǧ���Ƥ�������.
\item \strong{����:} �ꥹ�Ȥ˥������ä���, ``unknown mailer error''
�����äƤ��ޤ���.
\strong{���ˡ:} ����åפǴְ�ä��桼���ޤ��ϥ��롼��ID
��ȤäƤ����ǽ��������ޤ�. ��륵���ФΥ���������å�����
��������. ���Τ褦�ʹԤ����ä���,
\begin{verbatim}
Attempt to exec script with invalid gid 51, expected 99
\end{verbatim}
Mailman ��ƥ��ȡ��뤷�ʤ���Фʤ�ޤ���. \label{building}
��˽�Ƥ����褦��, ��������륰�롼�� ID ����ꤷ��
��������.
\item \strong{����:} ��� Postfix ���륵���Ф˻ȤäƤ��ޤ�.
������, ����åץץ������� GID ����äƤ������ʿ������˻Ĥ��ޤ�.
\strong{���ˡ:} \file{\var{\$prefix}/data/aliases.db} �ե������
��ͭ�Ԥ� \code{mailman} (���� \program{configure} ���ޥ�ɤǻȤä�̾��)
�Ǥ��뤳�Ȥ��ǧ���Ƥ�������. �⤷ \code{mailman} �ʳ��Υ桼����
��ͭ����Ƥ������, Postfix ���������桼���ǥ��ץ�������
�¹Ԥ��ޤ���.
\item \strong{����:} ��� Sendmail ���륵���Ф˻ȤäƤ��ޤ�.
������, ����ꥹ�Ȥ������
``sh: mailman not available for
sendmail programs'' �Ȥ�����뤬�֤äƤ��ޤ�.
\strong{���ˡ:} ���ʤ��Υ����ƥ�Ǥ� Sendmail restricted shell
(smrsh) ���Ȥ��Ƥ��ޤ�. ����åץץ������
(\file{\var{\$prefix}/mail/mailman}) ���� smrsh �Ǽ¹Ԥ����Ĥ����
����ǥ��쥯�ȥ�˥���ܥ�å����ĥ��ɬ�פ�����ޤ�.
����Ū�ˤ��Υǥ��쥯�ȥ�� \file{/var/admin/sm.bin},
\file{/usr/admin/sm.bin}, \file{/etc/smrsh} �ʤɤ����ꤵ��Ƥ��ޤ�.
Debian Linux �Ǥϥ����ƥ�� \file{/usr/lib/sm.bin} ��������ޤ�
��������ϴְ�äƤ��ޤ�. \file{/usr/admin/sm.bin} �� ��äƤ�
���إ���������ɬ�פ�����ޤ�.
����\program{newaliases} ���Ǥ��Ф��ɤΥ����ꥢ�����åפؤ�
�����ʥ��ؤ�ɬ�פ�����ޤ���
\item \strong{����:} \program{configure} ��ƤӽФ��Ȥ��˻��餫����
���ޤ��ޤ���. �ݽ��ƺƥ��ȡ��뤹��ˤϤɤ������餤���Ǥ���?
\strong{���ˡ:}
\begin{verbatim}
% make clean
% ./configure --with-the-right-options
% make install
\end{verbatim}
\end{itemize}
\section{Platform and operating system notes}
Generally, Mailman runs on any POSIX-based system, such as Solaris, the
various BSD variants, Linux systems, MacOSX, and other generic \UNIX{}
systems. It doesn't run on Windows. For the most part, the generic
instructions given in this document should be sufficient to get Mailman
working on any supported platform. Some operating systems have additional
recommended installation or configuration instructions.
\subsection{GNU/Linux issues}
Linux seems to be the most popular platform for running Mailman. Here are
some hints on getting Mailman to run on Linux:
\begin{itemize}
\item If you are getting errors with hard link creations and/or you are using
a special secure kernel (securelinux/openwall/grsecurity), see the file
\file{contrib/README.check_perms_grsecurity} in the Mailman source
distribution.
Note that if you are using Linux Mandrake in secure mode, you are
probably concerned by this.
\item Apparently Mandrake 9.0 changed the permissions on gcc, so if you build
as the \code{mailman} user, you need to be sure \code{mailman} is in the
\code{cctools} group.
\item If you installed Python from your Linux distribution's package manager
(e.g. .rpms for Redhat-derived systems or .deb for Debian), you must
install the ``development'' package of Python, or you may not get
everything you need.
For example, using Python 2.2 on Debian, you will need to install the
\code{python2.2-dev} package. On Redhat, you probably need the
\code{python2-devel} package.
If you install Python from source, you should be fine.
One symptom of this problem, although for unknown reasons, is that you
might get an error such as this during your install:
\begin{verbatim}
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "bin/update", line 44, in ?
import paths
ImportError: No module named paths
make: *** [update] Error 1
\end{verbatim}
If this happens, install the Python development package and try
\program{configure} and \program{make install} again. Or install the
latest version of Python from source, available from
\url{http://www.python.org}.
This problem can manifest itself in other Linux distributions in
different ways, although usually it appears as \code{ImportErrors}.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{BSD issues\label{bsd-issues}}
Vivek Khera writes that some BSDs do nightly security scans for setuid file
changes. setgid directories also come up on the scan when they change. Also,
the setgid bit is not necessary on BSD systems because group ownership is
automatically inherited on files created in directories. On other \UNIX{}es,
this only happens when the directory has the setgid bit turned on.
To install without turning on the setgid bit on directories, simply pass in
the \var{DIRSETGID} variable to \program{make}, after you've run
\program{configure}:
\begin{verbatim}
% make DIRSETGID=: install
\end{verbatim}
This disables the \program{chmod g+s} command on installed directories.
\subsection{MacOSX issues}
Many people run Mailman on MacOSX. Here are some pointers that have been
collected on getting Mailman to run on MacOSX.
\begin{itemize}
\item Jaguar (MacOSX 10.2) comes with Python 2.2. While this isn't the very
latest stable version of Python, it ought to be sufficient to run
Mailman 2.1.
\item David B. O'Donnell has a web page describing his configuration of
Mailman 2.0.13 and Postfix on MacOSX Server.
\url{http://www.afp548.com/Articles/mail/python-mailman.html}
\item Kathleen Webb posted her experiences in getting Mailman running on
Jaguar using Sendmail.
\url{http://mail.python.org/pipermail/mailman-users/2002-October/022944.html}
\item Panther server (MacOSX 10.3) comes with Mailman; Your operating system
should contain documentation that will help you, and Apple has a tech
document about a problem you might encounter running Mailman on Mac OS X
Server 10.3:
\url{http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=107889}
\end{itemize}
Terry Allen provides the following detailed instructions on running Mailman on
the 'client' version of OSX, or in earlier versions of OSX:
Mac OSX 10.3 and onwards has the basics for a successful Mailman installation.
Users of earlier versions of Mac OSX contains Sendmail and those users should
look at the Sendmail installation section for tips. You should follow the
basic installation steps as described earlier in this manual, substituting as
appropriate, the steps outlined in this section.
By default, Mac OSX 10.3 'client' version does not have a fully functional
version of Postfix. Setting up a working MTA such as Postfix is beyond the
scope of this guide and you should refer to \url{http://www.postfix.org} for
tips on getting Postfix running. An easy way to set Postfix up is to install
and run Postfix Enabler, a stand-alone tool for configuring Postfix on Mac
OSX, available from
\url{http://www.roadstead.com/weblog/Tutorials/PostfixEnabler.html}.
Likewise, Mac OSX 'client' version from 10.1 onwards includes a working Apache
webserver. This is switched on using the System Preferences control panel
under the 'Sharing tab'. A useful tool for configuring the Apache on Mac OSX
is Webmin, which can be obtained from
\url{http://www.webmin.com}.
Webmin can also perform configuration for other system tasks, including
Postfix, adding jobs to your crontab, adding user and groups, plus adding
startup and shutdown jobs.
In a stock installation of OSX, the requirement for Mailman is to have Python
installed. Python is not installed by default, so it is advised that you
install the developer's tools package, which may have been provided with your
system. It can also be downloaded from the Apple developer site at
\url{http://connect.apple.com}. Not only is the developer tools package an
essential requirement for installing Mailman, but it will come in handy at a
later date should you need other tools. The developer's tools are also know
by the name XCode tools.
As a minimum, the Python version should be 2.2, but 2.3 is recommended.
If you wish to add a user and group using the command line in OSX instead of
via Webmin or another GUI interface, open your terminal application and follow
the commands as indicated below - do not type the comments following the
\samp{\#} since they are just notes:
\begin{verbatim}
sudo tcsh
niutil -create / /users/mailman
niutil -createprop / /users/mailman name mailman
# Note that xxx is a free group ID number on your system
niutil -createprop / /users/mailman uid xxx
niutil -createprop / /users/mailman home /usr/local/mailman
mkdir -p /usr/local/mailman
niutil -createprop / /users/mailman shell /bin/tcsh
passwd mailman
# To prevent malicious hacking, supply a secure password here
niutil -create / /groups/mailman
niutil -createprop / /groups/mailman name mailman
# Note that xxx is a free group ID number on your system
niutil -createprop / /groups/mailman gid xxx
niutil -createprop / /groups/mailman passwd '*'
niutil -createprop / /groups/mailman users 'mailman'
chown mailman:mailman /usr/local/mailman
cd /usr/local/mailman
chmod a+rx,g+ws .
exit
su mailman
\end{verbatim}
For setting up Apache on OSX to handle Mailman, the steps are almost identical
and the configuration file on a stock Mac OSX Client version is stored in the
nearly standard location of \file{/etc/httpd/httpd.conf}.
The \url{AFP548.com} site has a time-saving automated startup item creator for
Mailman, which can be found at
\url{http://www.afp548.com/Software/MailmanStartup.tar.gz}
To install it, copy it into your \file{/Library/StartupItems} directory. As
the root or superuser, from the terminal, enter the following:
\begin{verbatim}
gunzip MailmanStartup.tar.gz
tar xvf MailmanStartup.tar
\end{verbatim}
It will create the startup item for you so that when you reboot, Mailman will
start up.
\end{document}
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