1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
|
########################################################################
#
# Arduino command line tools Makefile
# System part (i.e. project independent)
#
# Copyright (C) 2010,2011,2012 Martin Oldfield <m@mjo.tc>, based on
# work that is copyright Nicholas Zambetti, David A. Mellis & Hernando
# Barragan.
#
# This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
# License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# Adapted from Arduino 0011 Makefile by M J Oldfield
#
# Original Arduino adaptation by mellis, eighthave, oli.keller
#
# Version 0.1 17.ii.2009 M J Oldfield
#
# 0.2 22.ii.2009 M J Oldfield
# - fixes so that the Makefile actually works!
# - support for uploading via ISP
# - orthogonal choices of using the Arduino for
# tools, libraries and uploading
#
# 0.3 21.v.2010 M J Oldfield
# - added proper license statement
# - added code from Philip Hands to reset
# Arduino prior to upload
#
# 0.4 25.v.2010 M J Oldfield
# - tweaked reset target on Philip Hands' advice
#
# 0.5 23.iii.2011 Stefan Tomanek
# - added ad-hoc library building
# 17.v.2011 M J Oldfield
# - grabbed said version from Ubuntu
#
# 0.6 22.vi.2011 M J Oldfield
# - added ard-parse-boards supports
# - added -lc to linker opts,
# on Fabien Le Lez's advice
#
# 0.7 12.vii.2011 M J Oldfield
# - moved -lm to the end of linker opts,
# to solve Frank Knopf's problem;
# - added -F to stty opts: Craig Hollabaugh
# reckons it's good for Ubuntu
#
# 0.8 12.ii.2012 M J Oldfield
# - Patches for Arduino 1.0 IDE:
# support .ino files;
# handle board 'variants';
# tweaked compile flags.
# - Build a library from all the system
# supplied code rather than linking the .o
# files directly.
# - Let TARGET default to current directory
# as per Daniele Vergini's patch.
# - Add support for .c files in system
# libraries: Dirk-Willem van Gulik and Evan
# Goldenberg both reported this and
# provided patches in the same spirit.
#
########################################################################
#
# STANDARD ARDUINO WORKFLOW
#
# Given a normal sketch directory, all you need to do is to create
# a small Makefile which defines a few things, and then includes this one.
#
# For example:
#
# ARDUINO_DIR = /Applications/arduino-0013
#
# TARGET = CLItest
# ARDUINO_LIBS = Ethernet Ethernet/utility SPI
#
# BOARD_TAG = uno
# ARDUINO_PORT = /dev/cu.usb*
#
# include /usr/local/share/Arduino.mk
#
# Hopefully these will be self-explanatory but in case they're not:
#
# ARDUINO_DIR - Where the Arduino software has been unpacked
#
# TARGET - The basename used for the final files. Canonically
# this would match the .pde file, but it's not needed
# here: you could always set it to xx if you wanted!
#
# ARDUINO_LIBS - A list of any libraries used by the sketch (we
# assume these are in
# $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/libraries
#
# ARDUINO_PORT - The port where the Arduino can be found (only needed
# when uploading
#
# BOARD_TAG - The ard-parse-boards tag for the board e.g. uno or mega
# 'make show_boards' shows a list
#
# You might also want to specify these, but normally they'll be read from the
# boards.txt file i.e. implied by BOARD_TAG
#
# MCU,F_CPU - The target processor description
#
# Once this file has been created the typical workflow is just
#
# $ make upload
#
# All of the object files are created in the build-cli subdirectory
# All sources should be in the current directory and can include:
# - at most one .pde or .ino file which will be treated as C++ after
# the standard Arduino header and footer have been affixed.
# - any number of .c, .cpp, .s and .h files
#
# Included libraries are built in the build-cli/libs subdirectory.
#
# Besides make upload you can also
# make - no upload
# make clean - remove all our dependencies
# make depends - update dependencies
# make reset - reset the Arduino by tickling DTR on the serial port
# make raw_upload - upload without first resetting
# make show_boards - list all the boards defined in boards.txt
#
########################################################################
#
# ARDUINO WITH OTHER TOOLS
#
# If the tools aren't in the Arduino distribution, then you need to
# specify their location:
#
# AVR_TOOLS_PATH = /usr/bin
# AVRDUDE_CONF = /etc/avrdude/avrdude.conf
#
########################################################################
#
# ARDUINO WITH ISP
#
# You need to specify some details of your ISP programmer and might
# also need to specify the fuse values:
#
# ISP_PROG = -c stk500v2
# ISP_PORT = /dev/ttyACM0
#
# You might also need to set the fuse bits, but typically they'll be
# read from boards.txt, based on the BOARD_TAG variable:
#
# ISP_LOCK_FUSE_PRE = 0x3f
# ISP_LOCK_FUSE_POST = 0xcf
# ISP_HIGH_FUSE = 0xdf
# ISP_LOW_FUSE = 0xff
# ISP_EXT_FUSE = 0x01
#
# I think the fuses here are fine for uploading to the ATmega168
# without bootloader.
#
# To actually do this upload use the ispload target:
#
# make ispload
#
#
########################################################################
# Some paths
#
SELF_PATH := $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))
ifneq (ARDUINO_DIR,)
ifndef AVR_TOOLS_PATH
AVR_TOOLS_PATH = $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin
endif
ifndef ARDUINO_ETC_PATH
ARDUINO_ETC_PATH = $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/tools/avr/etc
endif
ifndef AVRDUDE_CONF
AVRDUDE_CONF = $(ARDUINO_ETC_PATH)/avrdude.conf
endif
ARDUINO_LIB_PATH = $(ARDUINO_DIR)/libraries
ifndef ARDUINO_CORE_PATH
ARDUINO_CORE_PATH = $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino
ARDUINO_VAR_PATH = $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/variants
endif
endif
########################################################################
# boards.txt parsing
#
ifndef BOARD_TAG
BOARD_TAG = uno
endif
ifndef BOARDS_TXT
BOARDS_TXT = $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt
endif
ifndef PARSE_BOARD
PARSE_BOARD = $(SELF_PATH)/ard-parse-boards --boards_txt=$(BOARDS_TXT)
endif
# Which variant ? This affects the include path
ifndef VARIANT
VARIANT = $(shell $(PARSE_BOARD) $(BOARD_TAG) build.variant)
endif
# processor stuff
ifndef MCU
MCU = $(shell $(PARSE_BOARD) $(BOARD_TAG) build.mcu)
endif
ifndef F_CPU
F_CPU = $(shell $(PARSE_BOARD) $(BOARD_TAG) build.f_cpu)
endif
# normal programming info
ifndef AVRDUDE_ARD_PROGRAMMER
AVRDUDE_ARD_PROGRAMMER = $(shell $(PARSE_BOARD) $(BOARD_TAG) upload.protocol)
endif
ifndef AVRDUDE_ARD_BAUDRATE
AVRDUDE_ARD_BAUDRATE = $(shell $(PARSE_BOARD) $(BOARD_TAG) upload.speed)
endif
# fuses if you're using e.g. ISP
ifndef ISP_LOCK_FUSE_PRE
ISP_LOCK_FUSE_PRE = $(shell $(PARSE_BOARD) $(BOARD_TAG) bootloader.unlock_bits)
endif
ifndef ISP_LOCK_FUSE_POST
ISP_LOCK_FUSE_POST = $(shell $(PARSE_BOARD) $(BOARD_TAG) bootloader.lock_bits)
endif
ifndef ISP_HIGH_FUSE
ISP_HIGH_FUSE = $(shell $(PARSE_BOARD) $(BOARD_TAG) bootloader.high_fuses)
endif
ifndef ISP_LOW_FUSE
ISP_LOW_FUSE = $(shell $(PARSE_BOARD) $(BOARD_TAG) bootloader.low_fuses)
endif
ifndef ISP_EXT_FUSE
ISP_EXT_FUSE = $(shell $(PARSE_BOARD) $(BOARD_TAG) bootloader.extended_fuses)
endif
# Everything gets built in here
OBJDIR = build-cli
########################################################################
# Local sources
#
LOCAL_C_SRCS = $(wildcard *.c)
LOCAL_CPP_SRCS = $(wildcard *.cpp)
LOCAL_CC_SRCS = $(wildcard *.cc)
LOCAL_PDE_SRCS = $(wildcard *.pde)
LOCAL_INO_SRCS = $(wildcard *.ino)
LOCAL_AS_SRCS = $(wildcard *.S)
LOCAL_OBJ_FILES = $(LOCAL_C_SRCS:.c=.o) $(LOCAL_CPP_SRCS:.cpp=.o) \
$(LOCAL_CC_SRCS:.cc=.o) $(LOCAL_PDE_SRCS:.pde=.o) \
$(LOCAL_INO_SRCS:.ino=.o) $(LOCAL_AS_SRCS:.S=.o)
LOCAL_OBJS = $(patsubst %,$(OBJDIR)/%,$(LOCAL_OBJ_FILES))
# Dependency files
DEPS = $(LOCAL_OBJS:.o=.d)
# core sources
ifeq ($(strip $(NO_CORE)),)
ifdef ARDUINO_CORE_PATH
CORE_C_SRCS = $(wildcard $(ARDUINO_CORE_PATH)/*.c)
CORE_CPP_SRCS = $(wildcard $(ARDUINO_CORE_PATH)/*.cpp)
CORE_OBJ_FILES = $(CORE_C_SRCS:.c=.o) $(CORE_CPP_SRCS:.cpp=.o)
CORE_OBJS = $(patsubst $(ARDUINO_CORE_PATH)/%, \
$(OBJDIR)/%,$(CORE_OBJ_FILES))
endif
endif
########################################################################
# Rules for making stuff
#
# The name of the main targets
TARGET_HEX = $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).hex
TARGET_ELF = $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf
TARGETS = $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).*
CORE_LIB = $(OBJDIR)/libcore.a
# A list of dependencies
DEP_FILE = $(OBJDIR)/depends.mk
# Names of executables
CC = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-gcc
CXX = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-g++
OBJCOPY = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-objdump
AR = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-ar
SIZE = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-size
NM = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-nm
REMOVE = rm -f
MV = mv -f
CAT = cat
ECHO = echo
# General arguments
SYS_LIBS = $(patsubst %,$(ARDUINO_LIB_PATH)/%,$(ARDUINO_LIBS))
SYS_INCLUDES = $(patsubst %,-I%,$(SYS_LIBS))
LIB_C_SRCS = $(wildcard $(patsubst %,%/*.c,$(SYS_LIBS)))
LIB_CPP_SRCS = $(wildcard $(patsubst %,%/*.cpp,$(SYS_LIBS)))
LIB_OBJS = $(patsubst $(ARDUINO_LIB_PATH)/%.c,$(OBJDIR)/libs/%.o,$(LIB_C_SRCS)) \
$(patsubst $(ARDUINO_LIB_PATH)/%.cpp,$(OBJDIR)/libs/%.o,$(LIB_CPP_SRCS))
CPPFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DARDUINO=$(ARDUINO_VERSION) \
-I. -I$(ARDUINO_CORE_PATH) -I$(ARDUINO_VAR_PATH)/$(VARIANT) \
$(SYS_INCLUDES) -g -Os -w -Wall \
-ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
CFLAGS = -std=gnu99
CXXFLAGS = -fno-exceptions
ASFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x assembler-with-cpp
LDFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -Wl,--gc-sections -Os
# Expand and pick the first port
ARD_PORT = $(firstword $(wildcard $(ARDUINO_PORT)))
# Implicit rules for building everything (needed to get everything in
# the right directory)
#
# Rather than mess around with VPATH there are quasi-duplicate rules
# here for building e.g. a system C++ file and a local C++
# file. Besides making things simpler now, this would also make it
# easy to change the build options in future
# library sources
$(OBJDIR)/libs/%.o: $(ARDUINO_LIB_PATH)/%.c
mkdir -p $(dir $@)
$(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
$(OBJDIR)/libs/%.o: $(ARDUINO_LIB_PATH)/%.cpp
mkdir -p $(dir $@)
$(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -o $@
# normal local sources
# .o rules are for objects, .d for dependency tracking
# there seems to be an awful lot of duplication here!!!
$(OBJDIR)/%.o: %.c
$(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.o: %.cc
$(CXX) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -o $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -o $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.o: %.S
$(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(ASFLAGS) $< -o $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.o: %.s
$(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(ASFLAGS) $< -o $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.d: %.c
$(CC) -MM $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $< -MF $@ -MT $(@:.d=.o)
$(OBJDIR)/%.d: %.cc
$(CXX) -MM $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -MF $@ -MT $(@:.d=.o)
$(OBJDIR)/%.d: %.cpp
$(CXX) -MM $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -MF $@ -MT $(@:.d=.o)
$(OBJDIR)/%.d: %.S
$(CC) -MM $(CPPFLAGS) $(ASFLAGS) $< -MF $@ -MT $(@:.d=.o)
$(OBJDIR)/%.d: %.s
$(CC) -MM $(CPPFLAGS) $(ASFLAGS) $< -MF $@ -MT $(@:.d=.o)
# the pde -> cpp -> o file
$(OBJDIR)/%.cpp: %.pde
$(ECHO) '#include "WProgram.h"' > $@
$(CAT) $< >> $@
# the ino -> cpp -> o file
$(OBJDIR)/%.cpp: %.ino
$(ECHO) '#include <Arduino.h>' > $@
$(CAT) $< >> $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.o: $(OBJDIR)/%.cpp
$(CXX) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -o $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.d: $(OBJDIR)/%.cpp
$(CXX) -MM $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -MF $@ -MT $(@:.d=.o)
# core files
$(OBJDIR)/%.o: $(ARDUINO_CORE_PATH)/%.c
$(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.o: $(ARDUINO_CORE_PATH)/%.cpp
$(CXX) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -o $@
# various object conversions
$(OBJDIR)/%.hex: $(OBJDIR)/%.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -O ihex -R .eeprom $< $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.eep: $(OBJDIR)/%.elf
-$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" \
--change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O ihex $< $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.lss: $(OBJDIR)/%.elf
$(OBJDUMP) -h -S $< > $@
$(OBJDIR)/%.sym: $(OBJDIR)/%.elf
$(NM) -n $< > $@
########################################################################
#
# Avrdude
#
ifndef AVRDUDE
AVRDUDE = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avrdude
endif
AVRDUDE_COM_OPTS = -q -V -p $(MCU)
ifdef AVRDUDE_CONF
AVRDUDE_COM_OPTS += -C $(AVRDUDE_CONF)
endif
AVRDUDE_ARD_OPTS = -c $(AVRDUDE_ARD_PROGRAMMER) -b $(AVRDUDE_ARD_BAUDRATE) -P $(ARD_PORT)
ifndef ISP_PROG
ISP_PROG = -c stk500v2
endif
AVRDUDE_ISP_OPTS = -P $(ISP_PORT) $(ISP_PROG)
########################################################################
#
# Explicit targets start here
#
all: $(OBJDIR) $(TARGET_HEX)
$(OBJDIR):
mkdir $(OBJDIR)
$(TARGET_ELF): $(LOCAL_OBJS) $(CORE_LIB) $(OTHER_OBJS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(LOCAL_OBJS) $(CORE_LIB) $(OTHER_OBJS) -lc -lm
$(CORE_LIB): $(CORE_OBJS) $(LIB_OBJS)
$(AR) rcs $@ $(CORE_OBJS) $(LIB_OBJS)
$(DEP_FILE): $(OBJDIR) $(DEPS)
cat $(DEPS) > $(DEP_FILE)
upload: $(TARGET_HEX) reset raw_upload
raw_upload: $(TARGET_HEX)
$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_COM_OPTS) $(AVRDUDE_ARD_OPTS) \
-U flash:w:$(TARGET_HEX):i
# stty on MacOS likes -F, but on Debian it likes -f redirecting
# stdin/out appears to work but generates a spurious error on MacOS at
# least. Perhaps it would be better to just do it in perl ?
reset:
for STTYF in 'stty -F' 'stty --file' 'stty -f' 'stty <' ; \
do $$STTYF /dev/tty >/dev/null 2>/dev/null && break ; \
done ;\
$$STTYF $(ARD_PORT) hupcl ;\
(sleep 0.1 || sleep 1) ;\
$$STTYF $(ARD_PORT) -hupcl
ispload: $(TARGET_HEX)
$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_COM_OPTS) $(AVRDUDE_ISP_OPTS) -e \
-U lock:w:$(ISP_LOCK_FUSE_PRE):m \
-U hfuse:w:$(ISP_HIGH_FUSE):m \
-U lfuse:w:$(ISP_LOW_FUSE):m \
-U efuse:w:$(ISP_EXT_FUSE):m
$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_COM_OPTS) $(AVRDUDE_ISP_OPTS) -D \
-U flash:w:$(TARGET_HEX):i
$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_COM_OPTS) $(AVRDUDE_ISP_OPTS) \
-U lock:w:$(ISP_LOCK_FUSE_POST):m
clean:
$(REMOVE) $(LOCAL_OBJS) $(CORE_OBJS) $(LIB_OBJS) $(CORE_LIB) $(TARGETS) $(DEP_FILE) $(DEPS)
depends: $(DEPS)
cat $(DEPS) > $(DEP_FILE)
size: $(OBJDIR) $(TARGET_HEX)
$(SIZE) $(TARGET_HEX)
show_boards:
$(PARSE_BOARD) --boards
.PHONY: all clean depends upload raw_upload reset size show_boards
include $(DEP_FILE)
|
