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volatile provides absolutely no guarantee thread-safety in SMP
environments. volatile was designed to access memory locations
in peripheral hardware directly; not for SMP. If volatile is
needed to work properly on SMP, then it is only hiding subtle
bugs.
volatile only prevents the /compiler/ from making optimizations
when accessing variables. CPUs do their own optimizations at
runtime so it cannot guarantee registers of CPUs are flushed
to memory cache-coherent access on different CPUs.
Furthermore, the thread-communication via condition variables
between threads sharing audio formats already results in memory
barriers.
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